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1、外文翻译原文EXPORTCOMPETITIVENESSOFINDIANTEXTILEANDGARMENTINDUSTRYMaterialSource:IndianCouncilForResearchOnInternationalEconomicRelationsAuthor:SamarVermaTheinternationaltradeintextileandclothingsectorshasbeenaegregiousexceptiontothemostfavourednationprincipleofGAT
2、Tand,sincetheearly1960s,hasbeenacaseofmanagedtradethroughforcedconsensus.However,theWTOAgreementonTextileandClothing(ATC)markedasignificantturnaround.AccordingtotheATC,beginning1stJanuary1995,alltextilesandclothingproductsthathadbeenhithertosubjectedtoMFA-quo
3、ta,arescheduledtobeintegratedintoWTOoveraperiodoftenyears.“Thedismantlingofthequotaregimerepresentsbothanopportunityaswellasathreat.Anopportunitybecausemarketswillnolongerberestricted;athreatbecausemarketswillnolongerbeguaranteedbyquotas,andeventhedomesticmar
4、ketwillbeopentocompetition”.From1stJanuary2005,therefore,alltextileandclothingproductswouldbetradedinternationallywithoutquota-restrictions.Andthisimpendingrealitybringstheissueofcompetitivenesstotheforeforallfirmsinthetextileandclothingsectors,includingthose
5、inIndia.ItisimperativetounderstandthetruecompetitivenessofIndiantextileandclothingfirmsinordertomakeanassessmentofwhatliesaheadin2005andbeyond.Owingtoitssignificantcontribution,theIndiantextileandclothingindustryoccupiesauniqueplaceintheIndianeconomy.Itcontri
6、butesabout4%ofGDPand14%ofindustrialoutput.Secondlargestemployerafteragriculture,theindustryprovidesdirectemploymentto35millionpeopleincludingsubstantialsegmentsofweakersectionsofsociety.Withaverylowimport-intensityofabout1.5%only,itisthelargestnetforeignexcha
7、ngeearnerinIndia,earningalmost35%offoreignexchange.Thisistheonlyindustrythatisself-sufficientandcompleteincottonvaluechain-producingeverythingfromfibrestothehighestvalueaddedfinishedproductofgarments.ItsgrowthandvitalitythereforehascriticalbearingsontheIndian
8、economyatlarge.WhatIsCompetitiveness?Competitivenessisaboutproductivity,whichinturnisafunctionoffactorsrelatedtocostofproducts,aswellasthoserelatedtonon-pricefactorssuchasdeliveryschedule