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1、外文翻译原文TheNewWaveofOutsourcingMaterialsource：ResearchReportAuthor：AshokDeoBardhanandCynthiaA.KrollThereisgrowingapprehensionamongbusinessleaders,economists,andordinaryAmericansthatwearewitnessingwhatmaywellbethelargestout-migrationofnonmanufacturingjobsinthehistoryoftheUSec
2、onomy.Thisconcernhasbeenfueledbynewspaperreportsandeconomicnewshighlightingthelayoffsofthousandsofpeopleinhigh-tech,softwareandservicesectorcompaniesintheUS,andthepracticallysimultaneous,seeminglycoordinatedestablishmentofofficesanddevelopmentcenters,mostofteninIndia,resul
3、tinginhiringofthousandsofnewemployeesinthatcountry.Forexample,tabulationbytheauthorsofreportsinIndiannewspapersandbusinessjournalsforthemonthofJuly2003alonegaveanestimateof25,000to30,000newoutsourcingrelatedjobsannouncedbyUSfirms.Inthesamemonth,therewere2,087masslayoffacti
4、onscarriedoutbyUSemployersresultinginalossof226,435jobs.ThejobsbeingcreatedinIndiaandelsewhereareinawiderangeofservicessectorssuchasgeographicinformationsystemsservicesforinsurancecompanies,stockmarketresearchforfinancialfirms,medicaltranscriptionservices,legalonlinedataba
5、seresearch,anddataanalysisforconsultingfirms,inadditiontocustomerservicecallcenters.Inthisshortoverviewweaddressthefollowingquestions:HavejobsbeentransplantedfromtheUS?Howsignificantisthisphenomenonandhowsustainableisit?Whatisthepotentialimpactonfuturejobcreationandwageine
6、qualityintheUS?Howisitlikelytoimpacttherealestatesector?TheFirstWave:OutsourcingofManufacturingBetween1987and1997,theshareofimportsininputsusedinUSmanufacturingincreasedfrom10.5%to16.2%andinhigh-techmanufacturing,suchascomputersandelectronics,from26to38%.Thesedatacontinuea
7、longhistoryofforeignoutsourcinginUSmanufacturingandtheassociatedlossofblue-collarjobsinmanyindustrialsectors.Indeed,oneoftheattributesofthemodernstageofglobalizationforadvancedindustrializedcountriesis11theoffshoreproductionofintermediateinputs,usuallyinlow-costdevelopingc
8、ountries.Themotivation,onthepartofUSfirms,hasbeendrivenbythelowcostsofmanufacturingabroad
