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1、外文翻译原文DemystifyingOutsourcingMaterialSource:Finance&DevelopmentDecember2004Author:MaryAmiti,Shang-JinWeiTheoutsourcingofserviceshasreceivedahugeamountofattentioninthemediaandpoliticalcirclesinrecentmonths,largelybecausemediareportsseemtoequateoutsourcingwithjoblosses.Injustfivemonths,betweenJanuarya
2、ndMay2004,therewere2,634reportsinU.S.newspapersonserviceoutsourcing,mostlyfocusingonthefearofjoblosses.Butoutsourcing,letaloneitsconsequences,doesnotappeartobewidelyunderstood.Thedictionarydefinesitas“theprocuringofservicesorproducts...fromanoutsidesupplierormanufacturerinordertocutcosts.”However,it
3、isnotclearwhatismeantby“outside.”Somepeopleinterpretittomeanoutsidethefirm,andothersoutsidethecountry.Mediaandpoliticalattentionseemsfirmlyfocusedoninternationaloutsourcing,eventhoughdomesticoutsourcingisalsocommon.Firmsbasedinindustrialcountriesthatoutsourceserviceshavebeenaccusedof“exportingjobs”t
4、odevelopingcountries,withcallcentersandcomputingservicesinIndiathemostfrequentlyreportedexamples.Manypeoplewouldarguethatoutsourcinghasbeenanormalpartofinternationaltradefordecades—andtheywouldberight.Thegrowingoutsourcingofservicesinindustrialcountriesissimplyareflectionofthebenefitsfromthegreaterd
5、ivisionoflaborandtradethathavebeendescribedformanufacturedgoodssincethetimeofAdamSmithandDavidRicardo.Whatistradabledependsontechnology,andadvancesintechnology(especiallyininformationprocessing,communication,andtransportation)areincreasinglymakingitpossibletotradeservicesthatpreviouslyweretoocostlyt
6、otrade.Although,foratypicalindustrialeconomy,theinternationaloutsourcingofmaterialinputsisstillfargreaterthanthatofservices,thecurrentwaveofanxietyislargelyaboutservices.Inthepast,theservicesectorwaslargelyconsideredimpervioustointernationalcompetition.Forexample,accountantscouldbenefitfromthecheape
7、rimportedmanufacturedgoodsthatopentradeallowedwithoutfearthatsomeoneabroadwouldtaketheirhigh-payingjobs.Forthisreason,servicesectorprofessionalswerelikelytobestaunchsupportersofopentrade.Withimproveme