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1、外文翻译原文BusinessservicesoutsourcingbymanufacturingfirmsMaterialSource:http://tradeinservices.mofcom.gov.cn/upload/2009/02/12/1234402015734_186015.pdfAuthor:FernandoMerinoandDiegoRodriguezRodriguezOutsourcingofservicesisoneofthemostimportantphenomenathatarereshapingfirms’boundariesinthelastdecad
2、es.Thisarticleassessesthereasonsleadingmanufacturingfirmstocontractoutsomeserviceactivitiesinsteadofprovidingtheminternally.Thetheoreticalframework,inspiredintransactioncosteconomics,emphasizestheeffectsthatfirmheterogeneityandservice-specificdecisionshaveonthedecisiontooutsource.Ourempirical
3、analysis,usingSpanishfirmdata,suggeststherelevanceofnonlinealeffectsrelatedtofirmsize,wagedifferentialsandlocation,amongotherfactors,withcleardifferencesamonggroupsofservices.1.IntroductionTheincreasingimplementationofoutsourcingstrategiesisoneofthemostremarkablechangesthathascharacterizedfir
4、mbehaviorinthelastdecades.Thisstrategyallowsfirmstoconcentratetheircapabilitiesandresourcesintheirrespectivecorebusinesses,givingupthoseactivitieswherefirmsdonothaveanycompetitiveadvantagetoincorporatetotheirvalue-addedchain.Consequently,management,execution,anddevelopmentofinnovationsinoutso
5、urcedactivitiesbecometheresponsibilityofanagentexternaltothefirm.Thestudyofthereasonsforoutsourcingandtheireffectsbothonfirmsandeconomy-wideactivityhasbecomeanimportanttopicofanalysis.Fromthefirm’sperspective,outsourcingstrategiesarepartofthereorganizationprocessthathascharacterizeditsbehavio
6、rinthelasttwodecades.Itfitsinthesetofdownsizingstrategiesandthediversificationdecreasethatmanyfirmshaveadopted(Jovanovic,1993).Firmshavecarriedoutaverticaldisintegrationprocessinmanymanufacturingactivities,withanincreasinguseofsub-contractorsofcomponents(contractmanufacturing).Additionally,it
7、sextensiontooffshoresuppliershasopenedahotdebateinmanycountriesduetoitseffectsonkeyelementssuchasdomesticemployment(BraconierandEkholm,2000andEggerandEgger,2003),wageinequality(FeenstraandHanson,1996),patternoftrade(Hummelsetal.,2001),andfirm
