总体经济的长期

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1、AGGREGATESUPPLYANDAGGREGATEDEMANDObjectives總供給aggregatesupply總體經濟的長期、短期總需求aggregatedemand總體經濟的均衡macroeconomicequilibrium經濟成長、通貨膨脹與產出水準的關係economicgrowth,inflation,景氣循環的產生businesscyclesProductionandPricesWhatforcesbringpersistentandrapidexpansionofrealGDP?Whatca

2、usesinflation?Whydowehavebusinesscycles?HowdopolicyactionsbythegovernmentandtheFederalReserveaffectoutputandprices?總供給AggregateSupply總供給(生產)成長的速度受:勞動Thequantityoflabor(L)資本Thequantityofcapital(K)技術Thestateoftechnology(T)影響Theaggregateproductionfunctionshowshowqu

3、antityofrealGDPsupplied,Y,dependsonlabor,capital,andtechnology.AggregateSupplyTheaggregateproductionfunctioniswrittenastheequation:Y=F(L,K,T).ThelargerisL,K,orT,thegreaterisY.勞動的數量受實質工資影響Atanygiventime,thequantityofcapitalandthestateoftechnologyarefixedbutthequa

4、ntityoflaborcanvary.Thehighertherealwagerate,thesmalleristhequantityoflabordemandedandthegreateristhequantityoflaborsupplied.Thewageratethatmakesthequantityoflabordemandedequaltothequantitysuppliedistheequilibriumwagerateandatthatwagethelevelofemploymentisthenat

5、uralrateofunemployment.UnemploymentandFullEmploymentthelabormarketflowsbetweenthedifferentstates.Long-Runshort-RunAggregateSupply總體經濟供給的長短期區別在於:勞動Thequantityoflabor(L)資本Thequantityofcapital(K)技術Thestateoftechnology(T)是否能改變Long-Runshort-RunAggregateSupplyLong-R

6、unAggregateSupplyThemacroeconomiclongrunisatimeframethatissufficientlylongforalladjustmentstobemadesothatrealGDPequalspotentialGDPandthereisfullemployment.Thelong-runaggregatesupplycurve(LAS)istherelationshipbetweenthequantityofrealGDPsuppliedandthepricelevelwhe

7、nrealGDPequalspotentialGDP.potentialGDP:充分就業時的產出水準Long-RunAggregateSupplyTheLAScurveisverticalbecausepotentialGDPisindependentofthepricelevel.充分就業時的產出水準不受價格水準的影響Long-RunAggregateSupplyAlongtheLAScurverelativepricesandtherealwagerateremainconstant相對價格與實質工資不變GDPat

8、thefullemploymentlevelShort-RunAggregateSupplyThemacroeconomicshortrunisaperiodduringwhichrealGDPhasfallenbeloworrisenabovepotentialGDP.短期間GDP可以偏離充分就業時的產出水準Atthesamet