科技英语摘要Writing-Abstract&summary

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1、Lecture02AbstractWritingSummaryWriting1.AbstractwritingContentsDefinitionoftheabstractTypesoftheabstractEconomyofwordsHowtowritetheabstract:TheFormalizedStructureoftheabstract“5steps”ofwritingtheabstract“5-A”StrategyofwritingtheabstractAbstractIhavethestrongimpressiont

2、hatscientificcommunicationisbeingseriouslyhinderedbypoorqualityabstractswritteninjargon-riddenmumbo-jumbo.—SheilaM.McNab(mumbo-jumbo[uncountable][informal]technicallanguagethatisdifficulttounderstandandseemstohavenosense)*abunchoflegalmumbo-jumboAbstractAdescriptivesum

3、mary[abstract]isatableofcontentsinparagraphform;itisageneralmapforreaders.—MichaelAlley1.Definitionoftheabstract(1)AnAbstractshouldbeviewedasaminiversionofthepaper.Theabstractshouldprovideabriefsummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper:Introduction,MaterialsandMethods,R

4、esultsandDiscussion.Generallyspeaking,theabstractshouldnotexceed250words(100-200words)andshouldbedesignedtodefineclearlywhatisdealtwithinthepaper.1.Definitionoftheabstract(2)Theabstractshould:(1)statetheprincipalobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestigation,(2)describethemethod

5、ologyemployed,(3)summarizetheresults,and(4)statetheprincipalconclusion.1.Definitionoftheabstract(3)MostoftheAbstractsshouldbewritteninthepasttense,becauseitreferstoworkdone.Theabstractshouldnevergiveanyinformationorconclusionthatisnotstatedinthepaper.Referencestothelit

6、eraturemustnotbecitedintheAbstract.2.Typesofabstracts(1)Informativeabstract(moredetailed,andmayincludequantitativedetails)信息性/报道性/资料性摘要Indicative/descriptiveabstract(briefandqualitative,indicatingwhatkindofresearchhasbeendone)指示性/说明性/描述性摘要Informative-indicativeabstract

7、报道-指示性摘要2.Typesofabstracts(2)AneffectivediscussionofthevarioususesandtypesofabstractswasprovidedbyMcGirr(1973),whoseconclusionsarewellworthrepeating:“Whenwritingtheabstract,rememberthatitwillbepublishedbyitself,andshouldbeself-contained.Thatis,itshouldcontainnobibliogr

8、aphic,figure,ortablereferences.”2.Typesofabstracts(3)Thelanguageshouldbefamiliartothepotentialreader.Omitobscureabbre