10英语摘要写作summary

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1、abstractsummaryexecutivesummarylabstract:astatementsummarizingtheimportantpointsofatext.（摘要）指面向专业读者的摘要，如学位文(dissertation)、学术刊物论文（journalpaper）的摘要、学术会议论文（conferencepaper）的摘要及展示论文（poster）的摘要。lsummary（概要,综述）一般指面向专业水平低一些的普通读者的摘要，读后能理解其大意、主要论点及新发现和见解等。但有时abstract、

2、summary也可互换。如果正文前无abstract或executivesummary，正文开始的第一段通常就是summary；如果前面有abstract，在短的论文中summary经常位于文章最后，功能相当于conclusion。lexecutivesummary（概要）通常指面向专业水平可能更低的公司、基金会决策人员的摘要，篇幅比abstract、summary长得多。在正式项目报告中可以既有abstract，又有executivesummary。executive在此指“执行官”“管理人员”“经理”等。Su

3、mmaryWriting1.Accurate,clearlyorganizedandclearlywritten2.Abriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofthepassage3.Indicateallthemainpoints4.Statetheirorderandtheiremphasis5.Forlongerpassages,importantillustrationsandexamplesshouldbeincluded.6.Shouldnotcont

4、ainanyofyourownideas,opinions,orconclusions.Length:nolongerthanone-quarterthelengthoftheoriginalpassageQualitiesofasummary:lObjectivity:Noideaandjudgmentthatarenottheauthor’sshouldbeincludedinthesummary.lCompleteness:Thesummaryshouldincludeeverymainideainthea

5、rticle.lBalance:Givingequalattentiontoeachmainideathattheauthorstresses.Questionstojudgeavalidsummary:a)DidIincludealltheimportantideas?b)DidIomitallunnecessarywordsandphrases?c)Doesthesummaryreadsmoothly?d)Wouldareaderofmysummarywhohadnotreadthearticlegetacl

6、earideaofthearticle?Howtowriteasummary?Hereisafive-stepprocessforwritingsummaries:1)Readthearticlecarefully,trytounderstanditaccuratelyandlookformainideas.2)Writealistofpointsinnoteformwhilereadingthepassageorthearticle.3)Connectyourpointstowritearoughdraftof

7、thesummaryinyourownwords.Refertothepassageorthearticleonlywhenyouwanttomakesureofsomepoints.Donotcountthenumberofwordsuntilyouhavefinishedyourroughdraft.4)Revisetheroughdraft,insertingtransitionalwordsandphraseswherenecessarytoensurecoherence.5)Writeafaircopy

8、ofthesummarywithinthewordlimitaftercheckingforgrammaticalcorrections,punctuationandspelling.Suggestionsonwritingsummaries:1)Omittingthedetails2)Reducingtheexamples3)Simplifyingthedescript