William Shakspeare

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1、WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)atransitionfromthemedievaltothemodemworld.theperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.2)firststartedinItalytoembrace（包含）therestofEurope.3)meansrebirthorrevival(复活；再兴),amovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents4)ahistoricalperiod→Europeanhumanistth

2、inkersandscholarsmadeattemptsRenaissanceThirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureInterestinactivityofhumanity,(secular,ornon-religiousworldlymatters.)Keynote:HumanismCharacteristicsoftheRenaissanceHumanismistheideathatisfocusedonhumanachievements&potentialratherthanreligiousthe

3、mes.theman&hisworld.everydayhumanproblems&relationships.pleasureratherthanmorality.ConflictwiththetraditionalteachingsoftheCatholicChurchandMedievalthinking.Humanism1)showitseffectinthereignofHenryVIII(1509-1547),whoencouragedintroductionofclassicalliterature.2)Education→revitali

4、zed&literature→morepopular→England’sGoldenAgeinliterature.3)Englishliterarygiantssuchas,Shakespeare,Spenser,Johnson,Sidney,Marlowe,BaconandDonne.4)TheEnglishRenaissancehadnosharpbreakwiththepast.RenaissanceinEnglandAlltheworld’sastageAndallthemenandwomenmerelyplayersTheyhavetheir

5、exitsandtheirentrancesAndonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts…------WilliamShakespeareTheelementsandStructureofDrama戏剧要素Aristotlecategorizeddramaintosixelementsinhis“Poetics”inorderofimportanceasheviewthemPlotCharacterThought(思想）Diction(言辞）MusicSpectacle（戏景）GenresofDramaTragedyComedyTra

6、gicomedyMelodrama(情节剧/传奇剧）ProblemplayFarce……Intragedy,theprotagonistsuffersintenselyandperhapsdies.Theprotagonistintragedymustbehumanandcannotbeagod.noblestature.humangreatnessTheactionisseriousandimportantagreatmistakeTragedyTragedyispositiveandoptimisticinitsviewoftheheightsthe

7、humanbeingcanreach.tragicflaw（pride,arroganceorvanity）Tragedyisanassertionofthegreatnessofman.nottearsofsadness,butofcompassion.spiritualpurgationTragedyComedyComedyisatermbroadlyappliedtoalight,humorousplaythatendshappily.Comedyisaplaythathasahappyending.Comedyoftenpictureslifea

8、ccuratelyandwithshrewdinsightbutitdoesno