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1、化学反应工程Chapter2KineticsofHomogeneousReactionsSimpleReactorTypesIdealreactorshavethreeidealfloworcontactingpatternsshowninFig.2.1.Weveryoftentrytomakerealreactorsapproachtheseidealsascloselyaspossible.Because:(1)Idealreactorsareeasytotreat(itissimpletofindtheirperform
2、anceequations);(2)Oneofthemoftenisthebestpatternpossible(itwillgivethemostofwhateveritiswewant).化学反应工程化学反应工程TheRateEquationSupposeasingle-phasereaction.ThemostusefulmeasureofreactionrateforreactantAisthen(1)Inaddition,theratesofreactionofallmaterialsarerelatedby化学反应
3、工程Experienceshowsthattherateofreactionisinfluencedbythecompositionandtheenergyofthematerial.Byenergywemeanthetemperature(random任意的kineticenergyofthemolecules),thelightintensitywithinthesystem(thismayaffectthebondenergybetweenatoms),themagneticfieldintensity,etc.Ordi
4、narilyweonlyneedtoconsiderthetemperature,soletusfocusonthisfactor.Thus,wecanwrite(2)化学反应工程2.1CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENTTERMOFARATEEQUATIONBeforewecanfindtheformoftheconcentrationterminarateexpression,wemustdistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofreactions.Thisdistinction(区别)
5、isbasedontheformandnumberofkineticequationsusedtodescribetheprogressofreaction.Also,sinceweareconcernedwiththeconcentration-dependenttermoftherateequation,weholdthetemperatureofthesystemconstant.化学反应工程SingleandMultipleReactionsWhenasinglestoichiometricequationandsin
6、glerateequationarechosentorepresenttheprogressofthereaction,wehaveasinglereaction.Whenmorethanonestoichiometricequationischosentorepresenttheobservedchanges,thenmorethanonekineticexpressionisneededtofollowthechangingcompositionofallthereactioncomponents,andwehavemul
7、tiplereactions.化学反应工程seriesreactions,parallelreactions,whichareoftwotypesRASandMultiplereactionsmaybeclassifiedas:competitivesidebyside化学反应工程AmorecomplicatedexampleisHere,reactionproceedsinparallelwithrespecttoB,butinserieswithrespecttoA,R,andS.Multiplereactions化学反应
8、工程ElementaryandNonelementaryReactionsConsiderasinglereactionwithstoichiometricequationIfwe‘postulate(假定)thattherate-controllingmechanismin
