化学反应工程Chapter 1

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1、Chapter1OverviewofChemicalReactionEngineering1.1ChemicalprocessillustrationEveryindustrialchemicalprocessisdesignedtoproduceeconomicallyadesiredproductfromavarietyofstartingmaterialsthroughasuccessionoftreatmentsteps.Figure1.1showsatypicalsituation.化学反应工程化学反应工程Fig.1.1Typicalchemicalproces

2、s化学反应工程Physicaltreatmentoffeed:Therawmaterialsundergoanumberofphysicaltreatmentstepstoputthemintheforminwhichtheycanbereactedchemically.Thentheypassthroughthereactor.Theproductsofthereactionmustthenundergofurtherphysicaltreatment—separations,purification,etc.—forthefinaldesiredproducttobe

3、obtained．Designofequipmentforthephysicaltreatmentstepsisstudiedintheunitoperations.化学反应工程Inthisbookweareconcernedwiththechemicaltreatmentstepofaprocess.Economicallythismaybeaninconse’quential(不合理的)unit,perhapsasimplemixingtank.Frequently(常常),however,thechemicaltreatmentstepistheheartofthe

4、process,thethingthatmakesorbreakstheprocesseconomically.化学反应工程Designofthereactorisnorou’tine(常规)matter,andmanyal’ternatives(二中择一,可供选择的办法)canbeproposedforaprocess.Insearchingfortheoptimumitisnotjustthecostorthereactorthatmustbeminimized.Onedesignmayhavelowreactorcost,butthematerialsleavin

5、gtheunitmaybesuchthattheirtreatmentrequiresamuchhighercostthanal’ternativedesigns.Hence,theeconomicsoftheoverallprocessmustbeconsidered.化学反应工程Reactordesignusesinformation,knowledge,andexperiencefromavarietyofareas:Thermody’namics（热力学）Chemicalki’netics（化学动力学）Fluidme’chanics（流体力学）Heattransf

6、er,masstransfer（传热,传质）Eco’nomics（经济学）化学反应工程1.2Performanceequation:Figure1.2Informationneededtopredictwhatareactorcando.化学反应工程ContactingPatternorhowmaterialsflowthroughandcontacteachotherinthereactor,howearlyorlatetheymix,theirclumpinessorstateofaggregation.Bytheirverynaturesomematerialsar

7、everyclumpyforinstance,solidsandnoncoalescingliquiddroplets.Kineticsorhowfastthingshappen.Ifveryfast,thenequilibriumtellswhatwillleavethereactor.Ifnotsofast,thentherateofchemicalreaction,andmaybeheatandmasstransfertoo,willdeterminewhatwillhappen.化学反应工程Output=ƒ[inpu