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1、化学反应工程Chapter9TemperatureandPressureEffectsInoursearchforfavorableconditionsforreactionwehaveconsideredhowreactortypeandsizeinfluencetheextentofconversionanddistributionofproducts.Thereactiontemperatureandpressurealsoinfluencetheprogressofreactions,anditi
2、stheroleofthesevariablethatwenowconsider.化学反应工程Wefollowathree-stepprocedure:First,wemustfindhowequilibriumcomposition,rateofreaction,andproductdistributionareaffectedbychangeinoperatingtemperaturesandpressures.Thiswillallowustodeterminetheoptimumtemperatu
3、reprogression,anditisthisthatwestrive(努力,奋斗)toapproximatewitharealdesign.化学反应工程Second,chemicalreactionsareusuallyaccompaniedbyheateffects,andwemustknowhowthesewillchangethetemperatureofthereactingmixture.Withthisinformationweareabletoproposeanumberoffavor
4、ablereactorandheatexchangesystems—thosewhichcloselyapproachtheoptimumconditionsandthenseeinghoweconomicconsiderationswillselectoneofthesefavorablesystemsasthebest.化学反应工程So,withtheemphasisonfindingtheoptimumconditionsandthenseeinghowbesttoapproachtheminact
5、ualdesignratherthandeterminingwhatspecificreactorswilldo,letusstartwithdiscussionofsinglereactionsandfollowthiswiththespecialconsiderationsofmultiplereactions.化学反应工程9.1SINGLEREACTIONSWithsinglereactionsweareconcernedwithconversionlevelandreactorstability.
6、Questionsofproductdistributiondonotoccur.Thermodynamicsgivestwoimportantpiecesofinformation,thefirstbeingtheheatliberated(释放)orabsorbedforagivenextentofreaction,thesecondbeingthemaximumpossibleconversion.Letusbrieflysummarizethesefindings.化学反应工程HeatsofRea
7、ctionfromThermodynamicsTheheatliberatedorabsorbedreactionattemperatureTdependsonthenatureofthereactingsystem,theamountofmaterialreacting,andthetemperatureandpressureofthereactingsystem,andiscalculatedfromtheheatofreaction△Hr(反应热),forthereactioninquestion.
8、Whenthisisnotknown,itcaninmostcasesbecalculatedfromknownandtabulatedthermochemicaldataonheatsofformation△Hf(生成热)orheatsofcombustion△Hc(燃烧热)ofthereactingmaterials.化学反应工程aArR+sSThesearetabulatedatsomestandardtemperatu
