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1、Chapter3InterpretationofBatchReactorDataArateequationcharacterizestherateofreaction,anditsformmayeitherbesuggestedbytheoreticalconsiderationsorsimplybetheresultofanempiricalcurve-fittingprocedure.Inanycase，thevalueoftheconstantsoftheequationcanonlybefoundbye
2、xperiment，pre’dictive(预言性的)methodsarein’adequate(不充分的,不适当的)atpresent.Thedeterminationoftherateequationisusuallyatwo-stepprocedure;firsttheconcentrationdependencyisfoundatfixedtemperatureandthenthetemperaturedependenceoftherateconstantisfound,yieldingthecompl
3、eterateequation.化学反应工程Equipmentbywhichem‘pirical(经验的)informationisobtainedcanbedividedintotwotypes,thebatchandflowreactors.Thebatchreactorissimplyacontainertoholdthecontentswhiletheyreact.Allthathastobedeterminedistheextentofreactionatvarioustimes,andthiscan
4、befollowedinanumberofways,forexample:1.Byfollowingtheconcentrationofagivencomponent.2.Byfollowingthechangeinsomephysicalpropertyofthefluid,suchastheelectricalconductivity(导电率)orrefractiveindex(折光率).3.Byfollowingthechangeintotalpressureofaconstant-volumesyste
5、m.4.Byfollowingthechangeinvolumeofaconstant-pressuresystem.化学反应工程Theexperimentalbatchreactorisusuallyoperatedisothermallyandatconstantvolumebecauseitiseasytoin’terpret(解释,说明)theresultsofsuchruns.Thisreactorisarelativelysimpledevicea’daptable(能适应的)tosmall-sca
6、lelaboratoryset-ups,anditneedsbutlittleau‘xiliary(辅助的)equipmentorinstrumentation.Thus,itisusedwheneverpossibleforobtaininghomogeneouskineticdata.Theflowreactorisusedprimarily(起初,主要地)inthestudyofthekineticsofheterogeneousreactions.化学反应工程Therearetwoproceduresf
7、oranalyzingkineticdata,the’integral(积分的)andthediffe‘rential(微分的)methods.Intheintegralmethodofanalysisweguessaparticularformofrateequationand,afterappropriateintegrationandmathematicalmanipulation(处理),predictthattheplotofacertainconcentrationfunctionversustim
8、eshouldyieldastraightline.Thedataareplotted,andifareasonablygoodstraightlineisobtained,thentherateequationissaidtosatisfactorilyfitthedata.Inthedifferentialmethodofanalysiswetestthefitoftheratee
