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1、直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一.概念直接引语(Directspeech):直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内间接引语(Indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话(相当于宾语从句)二、人称的变化人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。1.“一随主''是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."—>Shesaidbrotherwantedtogowith2.“二随宾”是指直接引语
2、变间接引语时,如果直接引语的主语是第二人称,变为间接引语时,从句要与主句的宾语保持一致。如:HesaidtoKate,"Howisyoursisternow?'*—Hehowwasthen.3第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称,从句中的人称一般不需要变化,如:Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker/^Mr.Smithsaidwasagoodworker.三、时态的变化直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。如果从句是过去时,主句要向后退一格时态,直接引语一般过去时一般现在时一般
3、将來时现在进行时现在完成时变成一种过去时。(以study为例):间接引语(跟过去相关的时态)过去完成时(hadstudied)过去时(studied)过去将来时(would/shouldstudy)过去进行时(was/werestudying)过去完成时(hadstudied)现在完成进行时过去完成进行时(hadbeenstudying)如“She'spreparingherlessons,"Isaid.—>1said(that)shepreparingherlessons.Isaidtothem,"He'llgetexcite."—>Itoldt
4、hcm(that)hegetexcited.但要注意在以下儿种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变•化。①直接引语是客观真理。如:"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth",theteachertoldme.—Theteachertoldmetheeartharoundthesunandthemoonaroundtheearth.②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。女口:Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestr
5、eet?^^—>JackaskedJohnwhereoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.③直接引语中有具体,的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。女mXiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril20,1980."—>XiaoWangsaidhebornonApril20,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:Hesaid,Tgetupatsixeveryrooming:—>Hesaidupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中
6、的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could,should,would,might)不再变。如:Petersaid,"Youhadbettercomehavetoday:—>PetersaidIgotherethatday.四八代词,状语等的变化指示代词this—thatthese…those时间状语ago…beforenow…thenyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening一-themorning/afternoon/eveningbefor
7、ethismorning/afternoon/evening-一thatmorning/afternoon/eveningthedaybeforeyesterday—-twodaysbeforeyesterday…thedaybefore/thepreviousdaytoday…thatdaytomorrow…thenext(following)daythedayaftertomorrow—twodaysafter/intwodaystimelastweek(month)…theweek(month)before/thepreviousweekth
8、isweek(month,etc.)—thatweek(month,etc.)nextweek(month)―thenex