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1、直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化1） 陈述句 Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”———HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall. 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat2）一般疑问句 Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?” Heasked(me)wh
2、ether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序3）特殊疑问句 Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”————Heaskedmewhatmynamewas. 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序4）选择疑问句 Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”————Heaskedmewhether
3、IspokeEnglishorFrench. 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…5）祈使句如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等)sb.(not)todosth.如：Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.“Listentomecarefully,pl
4、ease.”theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please,在间接引语中必须省略。6）感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what,how或that来引述。如：“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!”hesaidtome.Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.Ⅰ.引导词的选择及语序1.陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)“That
5、isthetrouble”,saidBill.改为：Billsaid___________________________thetrouble.【注】：that可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadfinishedhisworkandthathewouldliketohaveaholiday.2.一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)Heasked,“Areyouleavingtonight?”改为：Heaskedus_________________________
6、__leavingthatnight.3.特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)“Whydidyoulockthedoor?”fathersaidtoAnne.改为：FatheraskedAnne____________________________________thedoor.4.祈使句：S+V+sb.todo/nottodo(1)表示“命令”：tell,order,command(2)表示“请求”：ask,beg,request(3)表示“建议”：advise,suggest“Don’tmakenoi
7、seinthelibrary.”theteachersaidtothestudents.改为：Theteacher_________thestudents___________________________noiseinthelibrary.Ⅱ.时态的一致1．主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语Iworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamworkinghar
8、d.Hesaidthathe_____
