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初三英语专题复习一名词一、分类类别意义典型例词普通名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词girl,pen,book,door,panda可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的名词police,people,family,class物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词water,rice,soup,wood,tea不可数名词抽象名词表示行为、胡质、感情或状态等抽彖概念的词knowledge,love,danger专有名词表示特定的人、地方、专门机构或团体等名称的词Tom,Beijing,University,NewYork,TheComunistPartyofChina二、名词复数情形构成方法典型例词一般情况加・sbike—bikes,dog-dogs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加・esbus——buses,box——boxeswatch一watches,wish—wishes以辅咅字母加y结尾的名词变y为i,再加escity―ities,dictionary-dictionaries以威fe结尾的名词变威fe为v,再加esleaf—leaves,half—halveswife—wives,knifc—knivcs2、大部分不规则名词变复数的构成方法情形构成方法典型例词不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母man一men,woman一women,foot一feettooth一-teeth,goose-geese单复数形式相同sheep—sheep,fish——fish,deer—eer,Chinese一ChineseJapanese…Japanese其他形式child—hildren,mouse一mice 3、不规则名词单数变复数的特殊情形1）以o为结尾的名词复数形式，加es的有：Negro,hero,potato,tomato2）复合名词的复数形式a.一般在最后一个词的词尾加・s或・es。女U:schoolbag…schoolbags,tooth・biush…tooth-brushes,grown-up■一grown-upsb.在主体名词末加・s,如：mother-in-law…mothers-in-law3）某国人变复数①aChinese---Chinese;aJapanese---Japanese;anEnglishman---Englishmen;aFrenchman・・・Frenchmen;②aGerman—Germans;anAmericaAmericans;anAustralian■一Australians;anIndian■一Indians4）特殊形式a.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics,newsb・复数形式有时可表示特别意义的单词，女U：woods森林goods货物waters水域fishes各种鱼三、不可数名词及其用法1)不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/any/much/alittle/little/alotof等来修饰。e.g.:somebreadmuchmeat2)如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。女口：abottleoforangetwobagsofricetwokilosofmeatapieceofbread四、名词所有格的构成及其用法i.y所有格的用法(1)表示有生命的人或动物的名词的所有格一般在词尾后加'S:UncleWang'sfactorytheteacher'soffice(2)以s或es为结尾的名词的所有格，只在词尾后加，：boys，shoes(3)几个人共有的在最后一个名词后加：ThisisLucyandLily^room.每个人各自所有的在每个名词后都要加's:TheseareLucy'sandLily’srooms.(4)表示店铺、医院或某人家的所有格时，后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。atmyuncle's(home)attheGreens5(home)atthebarber's(shop)atthetailor's(shop)(5)由不定代词构成的复合名词和else连用时，其所有格要在else后面加bsomebodyelse'scomputer2.of所有格thetitleofthesong无牛命的：theflooroftheclassroom 3.双重所有格双重所有格主语表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式:①of+名词所有格atoyoftheboys，；severaltoysofthechilcfs；adaughteroftheoldlady's②of+名词性物主代词amistakeofmine；aninventionofhis五、名词的语法作用：主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。(1)作主语Herfatherhasbeeninthearmyfor30years.(2)作动词或介词宾语Fmdrawingapicture.(3)作宾语补足语Weconsiderhimacleverboy.Wemaketheboyourmonitor.(4)作表语Thecomputerisawonderfulmachine.(5)作同位语Mr.Zhao,ourEnglishteacher,isveryknowledgeable.(6)作状语Thetelephonerangasecondtime.(7)作定语Thereisastonebridgeoverthere.Therearetenmenteachersintheirschool.【课堂练习】1.—Youlookworried.Whatyour?■一IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job2.Themusicmademethinkoftheofarunningstream.A.shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.sound3.1likealot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.A.fishB.butterC.potatoesD.noodles4.…Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?——Fmafraidwehavenobuttotakeataxi.A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD・information5.theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemareteachers. A.Anumberof,womenB.Anumberof,womanC.Thenumberof,womenD.Thenumberof,woman3.Itisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoyaspringholidayeachyea匚A.ten-dayB.tendayC.theday9sD・ten-days 3.■—Ihearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.-一Right.It^oneoftheinmyfamily.A・plansB.ordersC・rulesD.suggestions4.—What9syour,Rick?…Ilikecollectingcoins.A・ageB.nameC.jobD.hobby5.Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe.A.vegetablesB・fruitsC.drink6.…Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!…Mindyourown,Sue!A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way7.PapermakingisofancientChina.A.oneofgreatestinventorB.oneofthegreatestinventionsC.oneofgreatestinventionD.oneofthegreatestinvention8.Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothetoseethenewactionmovietonight.A.bookshopB.restaurantC.concertD.cinema9.■一Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?-一Sure,Fdlikeforcookingvegetables.A.twocupsofcoffeeB.threepiecesofbreadC.onebowlofdumplingsD.fivekilosofoil10.Mrs.Bondisanoldfriendof.A.JackmotherB.Jackmother'sC.Jack'smotherD.Jack'smother^11.Astherewerenotenoughchairsinthepark,theyhadtositonthe.A.groundB.earthC-landD.field16.1reallywanttohavea.Ifeelsotiredaftersuchalongwalk.A.talkB.restC.swimD.look17.—What9syourfavoritesport,Mike?…•It，sinteresting.A.MathB.T-shirtC.E-mailD.Football18.一-Youdidn，tsendmeane-maillastnight,didyou?■一Sorry.Mybrokedown.Icouldn^tgetonline.A.computerB・carC.clockD.camera19.OurteacherhasgivenussomegoodEnglishlearning.It5sveryuseful.A.advicetoB.advicestoC.adviceonD.adviceson20.Studyinginaforeigncountryisadifferentandyoucanlearnalot.A.eventB.exerciseC.experienceD.exhibition21.Attheendofthevolleyballmatch,ourschoolwonby3:1.A.membersB.groupC.teamD.fans22.Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikeintime?A.20years9B.20year'sC.20-years,D.20-years23.—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat^swrongwithhim?■一Poorboy.Hisillnessistheofeatingunhealthyfood.A.resultB.causeC.reasonD・end24.・-Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?——No,it9sabout.A.7minuteswalkB.7minutewalkC.7minues^walkD.7minute'swalk25.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosomeifyoulike. A.fishandchickenB.fishesandchickenC.fishandchickensD.fishesandchickens【课后练习】1.-一Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?—Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers2.-一Michaellikesflyingaroundtheworld.■一Ithinkbeingaisjustrightforhim.A.pilotB.policemanC.cookD・doctor3.■一Father^Dayiscoming.WhatshouldIbuyformyfather?…Whynot?Helikessports.A.ascarfB.akeyringC・apairofjeansD.apairofrunningshoes4.—Wouldyoulikesome?・—No,thankyou.Fmnothungryatall.A.waterB.booksC.clothesD.bread5.一-ThelandinthesouthwestofChinaisingreatneedof.・-Yes,ithasn^trainedforalongtimethere.A.milkB.teaC.coffeeD.water6.…WhynotgotoQingdaoonMayDay,Jim?■一Fmafraidit，snotagood.Ihavebeenthereseveraltimes.A.wayB.placeC・adviceD.idea7.WhenIwasastudent,IlikedtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsothatIcouldseethewordsmoreclearlyonthe・A.blackboardB.deskC.dictionaryD.postcard8.—Whatistheofthe2010WorldExpo?・-Ifs"BetterCity,BetterLife,?.A.songB.themeC.custom9.■一Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?-一No,thanks.Fmhungry.Justsome,please.A.teaB・waterC-juiceD.noodles10.…Look!Theoldmanisrunningaroundthelake.…Helikesrunning.Ithasbeenaofhisformanyyears.A.habitB.planC.ruleD.aim11•…Goodnews.Wewillhaveaholiday.-一Fveheardofit.Butit^scomingin• A.threedays,threedays9timeB.threedaysthreedays， C.three-day,threedaysD.threedays,three-daytime12.1don'tthinklookingafterchildrenisjustwork.A.womanB.woman'sC.womenD.women's13.Therearethreeassistantsinthatshop.A.women,shoeB.woman,shoeC.woman,shoesD.women,shoes14.Pleasekeepquiet.Ifyoumakealotof,youmaydisturbothers.A.voiceB・noiseC.soundD.singing15.Todaymostjuniorhighschoolstudentscangotoseniorhighschoolforfurtherinourcountry.A.educationB.informationC.technologyD.duty16.Thereisnomoreinthatforsomanypeople.A.room,roomsB.rooms,roomsC.room,roomD.rooms,room17.——Wouldyoulikeanytea?-一No,thanks・Ihavedrunktwo.A.any;bottlesoforangeB.some;bottlesoforangeC.many;bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges18.1wantedtoexplain,buthedidn^tgivemeany.A.excuseB.chanceC.wayD.choice19.Mr.Johnisafriendof・A.John'suncleB.Johnuncle'sC・JohrfsuncledD・Johnuncle20.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks21.Aprilcomesbeforeandafter.A.March,MayB.May,MarchC.June,MayD.March,February222.1gotthegiftfrom.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather'sC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends23.1foundmyblackcatinroom.A.JimandMikeB.JimandMike's24.Tomistheyoungestinhis•A.homeB.familyC.house25.Threemonthsalongtimeforme.A.isB.areC.have26.Useyour,thenyou41findaway.C.Jim'sandMikelsD.Jim'sandMikeD.roomD.has A.headB.mindC.heartD.eye
