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1、读懂系统发育树己有213次阅读2011-10-1122:35
2、系统分类:论文交流关键词:classReadingaPhylogeneticTree:TheMeaningofMonophyleticGroupsBy:DavidBaum,Ph.I).(Dcpt.ofBotany,UniversityofWisconsin,430LincolnAve.,Madison,Wl)©2008NatureEducationCitation:Baum,D.(2008)Readingaphylogeneticttee:Themeaningofmonophyleti
3、cgroups.NatureEducation1仃)aPhylogcnicsareafundamentaltoolfororganizingourknowledgeofthebiologicaldiversityweobserveonourplanet.Buthowexactlydoweunderstandandusethesedevices?Aphylogenetictree,alsoknownasaphylogeny,isadiagramthatdepictsthelinesofevolutionarydesccntofdifferentsp
4、ecies,organisms，orgenesfromacommonancestor.Phylogeniesareusefulfororganizingknowledgeofbiologicaldiversity,forstructuringclassifications,andforprovidinginsightintoeventsthatoccurredduringevolution.Furthermore,becausethesetreesshowdescentfromacommonancestor,andbecausemuchofthe
5、strongestevidenceforevolutioncomesintheformofcommonancestry,onemustunderstandphylogeniesinordertofullyappreciatetheoverwhelmingevidencesupportingthetheoryofevolution.TreediagramshavebeenusedinevolutionarybiologysincethetimeofCharlesDarwin.Therefore,onemightassumethat,bynow,mo
6、stscientistswouldbeexceedinglycomfortablewith"treethinking"--readingandinterpretingphylogenies.However,itturnsoutthatthetreemodelofevolutionissomewhatcounterintuitiveandeasilymisunderstood.Thismaybethereasonwhybiologistshaveonlyinthelastfewdecadescometodeveloparigorousunderst
7、andingofphylogenetictrees.Thisunderstandingallowspresent-dayresearcherstousephylogeniestovisualizeevolution,organizetheirknowledgeofbiodiversity,andstructureandguideongoingevolutionaryresearch.Butwhatexactlyisaphylogeny?Moreover,howshouldonereadandinterpretoneofthesediagrams?
8、Inanattempttoanswersuchquestions,thefollowingsectionspresentabriefintroductiontotrecthinking.Amorecompleteviewofthissubjectcanbedevelopedbylearningabouthowtraitsevolvealongtrees,howtreesarereconstrueted,andhowtreesareusedtostudyvariousaspectsofevolution.WhatanEvolutionaryTree
9、Represents・・・・■Fm»InsfWBilmilcp»cwri2ttMpaiwUiinwlFigure1Tobetterund
