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实用文档※ShanghaiOrientalPearlTowerTheOrientalPearlTowerisaTVtowerinShanghai,China.TheOrientalPearlTowerislocatedatthetipofLujiazuiinthePudongdistrict,bythesideofHuangpuRiver,oppositeofTheBund.ItwasdesignedbytheShanghaiModernArchitecturalDesignCo.Ltd.PrincipaldesignersareJiangHuanChen,LinBenlinandZhangXiulin.Constructionbeganin1990andthetowerwascompletedin1994.At468m(1,535feet)high,itwasthetalleststructureinChina(excludingTaiwan;seeTaipei101)from1994–2007,whenitwassurpassedbytheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenter.ThespheresinthetowerThetowerfeatures11spheres,bigandsmall.Thetwolargestspheres,alongthelengthofthetower,havediametersof50m(164ft)forthelowerand45m(148ft)fortheupper.Theyarelinkedbythreecolumns,each9m(30ft)indiameter.Thehighestsphereis14m(46ft)indiameter.Theentirebuildingissupportedbythreeenormouscolumnsthatstartunderground.ObservationlevelsThetowerhasfifteenobservatorylevels.Thehighest(knownastheSpaceModule)isat350m(1148ft).Thelowerlevelsareat263m(863ft)(SightseeingFloor)andat90m(295ft)(SpaceCity).Thereisarevolvingrestaurantatthe267m(876ft)level.Theprojectalsocontainsexhibitionfacilities,restaurantsandashoppingmall.Thereisalsoa20-roomhotelcalledtheSpaceHotelbetweenthetwolargespheres.Antennaspire文案大全 实用文档Anantenna,broadcastingTVandradioprograms,extendstheconstructionbyanother118m(387ft)toatotalheightof468m(1,535ft).ChinesesymbolisminthedesignThedesignofthebuildingissaidtobebasedonaverseoftheTangDynastypoemPipaSongbyBaiJuyiaboutthewonderfulsprinklingsoundofapipainstrument,likepearls,bigandsmallfallingonajadeplate.However,thedesignerJiangHuanchengsaysthathedidnothavethepoeminmindwhendesigningthetower.Itwasthechiefofthejuryboardwhosaiditremindedhimofthatpoem.※ShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterTheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterisasupertallskyscraperlocatedinthePudongdistrictofShanghai,China.ItwasdesignedbyKohnPedersenFoxanddevelopedbyMoriBuilding.Itisamixed-useskyscraper,consistingofoffices,hotels,conferencerooms,observationdecks,andground-floorshoppingmalls.ParkHyattShanghaiisthehotelcomponent,containing174roomsandsuites.Occupyingthe79thtothe93rdfloors,itisthesecond-highesthotelintheworld,surpassingtheGrandHyattShanghaionthe53rdto87thfloorsoftheneighboringJinMaoTower.On14September2007,theskyscraperwastoppedout,at492.0meters(1,614.2 ft)makingitthesecond-tallestbuildingintheworldatthetime,andthetalleststructureinthePeople'sRepublicofChinapriortotheconstructionofthenearbyShanghaiTower.Italsohadthehighestoccupiedfloorandthehighestheighttoroof,twocategoriesusedtodeterminethetitleof"TheWorld’sTallestBuilding".On28August2008,theSWFCofficiallyopenedforbusiness.Twodayslater,theworld'stallestobservationdeckopened,offeringviewsfrom474 m(1,555 ft)abovegroundlevel.TheSWFCcontinuestohavethetallestobservationdeckintheworld.TheSWFChasbeenlaudedforitsdesign,andin2008itwasnamedbyarchitectsastheyear'sbestcompletedskyscraper.HistoryDesignedbyKohnPedersenFox,the101-storytowerwasoriginallyplannedforconstructionin1997,butworkwastemporarilyinterruptedbytheAsianFinancialCrisisinthelate1990sandlatertoaccommodatedesignchangesbyMoriBuildingCo.Thebuildingofthetowerisfinancedbyseveralmultinationalfirms,includingChinese,Japanese,andHongKongbanks,aswellasbytheJapanesedeveloperand文案大全 实用文档as-yetunnamedAmericanandEuropeaninvestors.AmericaninvestmentbankMorganStanleyiscoordinatingthefinancingforMoriBuilding.ConstructionThefoundationstonewaslaidon27August1997.Inthelate1990sthePierredeSmetBuildingCorporationhadafundshortagecausedbytheAsianfinancialcrisisin1997to1998,whichhaltedtheprojectafterthefoundationswerecompleted.On13February2003,theMoriGroupincreasedthebuilding'sheightto492mand101storiesfromtheinitialplansfora460 m(1,509 ft),94-storybuilding.Thenewbuildingwouldusethefoundationoftheoriginaldesign.Thebuildingconstructionresumedon16November2003.Thebuildingreacheditstotalheightof492mon14September2007afterinstallationofthefinalsteelgirder.ThefinalcladdingpanelswereinstalledinmidJune2008,andelevatorinstallationwasfinishedinmidJuly2008.On17July2008TheShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterwascompletedandon28August2008,theSWFCofficiallyopenedforbusiness.On30August2008,theobservationfloorswereopenedtothepublic.ArchitectureThemostdistinctivefeatureinthedesignofthebuildingisanapertureatthepeak.Theoriginaldesignspecifiedacircularaperture,46 m(151 ft)indiameter,toreducethestressesofwindpressure,aswellasserveasasubtextforthedesign,since"Chinesemythologyrepresentstheearthwithasquareandtheskywithacircle".ItalsoresembledaChinesemoongateduetoitscircularforminChinesearchitecture.However,thisinitialdesignbeganfacingprotestsfromsomeChinese,includingthemayorofShanghai,whoconsideredittoosimilartotherisingsundesignoftheJapaneseflag.Pedersenthensuggestedthatabridgebeplacedatthebottomoftheaperturetomakeitlesscircular.On18October2005,KPFsubmittedanalternativedesigntoMoriBuildingandatrapezoidalholereplacedthecircleatthetopofthetower,whichinadditiontochangingthecontroversialdesign,wouldalsobecheaperandeasiertoimplementaccordingtothearchitects.Intheeyesofsome,thebuildingresemblesagiantbottleopener.Infact,metalreplicasofthebuildingthatfunctionasactualbottleopenersaresoldintheobservationdeckgiftshop.Thereare3observationdecksinShanghaiWorldFinancialCenter.Theheightofitslowestobservationdeck(观光大厅)is423 m(1,388 ft),onthe94thfloor,thesecondis439 m(1,440 ft)high,onthe97thfloor,named"ObservatoryBridge"(观光天桥),文案大全 实用文档andthehighest(观光天阁)is474 m(1,555 ft)high,onthe100thfloor.Admissionrangesfrom100RMB(15.4USD)forthe94thflooronlyto150RMB(about23.1USD)forallthreeobservationdecks.Theskyscraper'sroofheightissetat492m,andhastemporarilyclaimedthehighestroofintheworld.Beforeconstructionresumedontheroof,towerheightwasscheduledtobe509.2 m(1,671 ft)sothebuildingwouldholdthetitleoftheworld'stallestbuilding(structuraltop)overtheTaipei101,butaheightlimitwasimposed,allowingtherooftoreachamaximumheightof492m.ArchitectWilliamPedersenanddeveloperMinoruMorihaveresistedsuggestionstoaddaspirethatwouldsurpassthatofTaipei101andperhapsOneWorldTradeCenter,callingtheShanghaiWFCa"broad-shoulderedbuilding".TheSWFCboastsagrossfloorareaofmorethan377,300m2(4,061,200sq ft)and31elevatorsand33escalators.AwardsShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterwasnamedbyarchitectsasthebestskyscrapercompletedin2008receivingboththeBestTallBuildingOverallandAsia&AustralasiaawardsfromtheCouncilonTallBuildingsandUrbanHabitat(CTBUH).CTBUH'sCarolWillis,headofNewYork'sSkyscraperMuseum,states:"Thesimplicityofitsformaswellasitssizedramatizestheideaoftheskyscraper."ArchitectTimJohnsonnoteditsinnovativestructuraldesign:"Steeltrussesgirdagainsttheforcesofwindandearthquakeandmadethebuildinglighter,madeituselesssteel,andcontributedtoitssustainability."JohnsondescribedtheSWFC'sstructureas"nothingshortofgenius."※HuangpuRivercruiseIfyoucruisebytheriveryouwillseehundredsofcargoandpassengerships.Youdon'tremainindifferenttobeautyoffourShanghaibridges:Xupu,Lupu,NanpuandYangpu.Thesplendidarrayofstructuresresemblesmistyicepalacesinariotofcolors-goldenyellow,purewhiteandaquamarineblue.Constantlychangingcolorsmesmerize. ItisalsoamajorwatersourceforShanghai.HuangpuRver,knownasthemotherriverofShanghai,whichrisesintheTaiLake,JiangsuProvince,flowsthroughtheurbanareaofthecityandemptiesintothemouthoftheYangtzeRiver,withatotallengthof112kilometers.FirstofalltheriveristhruwayforShanghai.文案大全 实用文档HistoryandCultureHuangpuRiver,97kmlong,risinginthelakedistrictofShanghaiMunicipality,EastChina,andflowingnortheastpastShanghaiintotheChangestuaryatWusong.TheHuangpuRivercanalsobecalledeithertheChunShenRiverortheHuangXieRiver. ItisalsoamajorwatersourceforShanghai,andasthecityhasgrownithassufferedfromwatershortagesandpolluteddrinkingwater;in1996aprojecttodivertwaterfromtheChangRiver(Yangtze)totheHuangpuwascompleted.Thecruiseboatmeanderseastwardalongthegoldenwaterwaytotheintriguing"three-layerwaters"attheWusongMouth,confluenceofthethreeandhalfhoursoveradistanceof60kilometers,withbeautifulviewemergingoneafteranother. Itsfamousriversideavenue,withitspark-likegreenareasandtallbuildings,isShanghai'slandmark.Here,thevisitorstandsinfrontofmagnificentbuildingsintheartnouveaustylethatoncehousedtheclubs,banks,companiesandhotelsoftheforeignrulers.※MadameTussaudsGalleryinShanghaiThesecondAsianoutletislocatedintheChinesecityofShanghai.AttractedbyShanghai'sgrowingreputationandtourismvolumeinEastAsia,theTussaudsGroupapproachedShanghaiauthoritiestodiscussthepossibilityofopeningitssecondAsianlocationinearly2004.TheShanghaiauthoritiesagreedwiththeproposalandMadameTussaudsShanghaiwasopenedon1May2006onthe10thflooroftheNewWorldDepartmentStoreatWestNanjingRoad.TheShanghaioutlethousesnearly75waxfiguresoflocalandinternationally-knowncelebritiestodate,andwilladdmoreinitssecondandthirdphases.Themuseumopensallyearroundfrom10amto10pmdailyanditisdividedupintoseventhemedsections:Glamour,BehindtheScenes,HistoryandHeroes,Music,Film,SpeedandSport.AdmissionfeeisRMB135(US$20)foradultsandRMB100forstudents.文案大全 实用文档MadameTussaudsShanghaiistheTussaudsGroup'ssixthwaxworkmuseumafterLondon,Amsterdam,LasVegas,NewYorkCityandHongKong※CityGodTempleofShanghaiTheCityGodTempleorChenghuangMiaoisatemplelocatedinShanghai,China,withintheoldwalledcity.Todaythe"CityGodTemple"notonlyreferstothelargetemplecomplex,butalsothetraditionaldistrictofcommerceinthecity,surroundingthetemple.Thereareoverahundredstoresandshopsinthisarea,andmostofthesestorebuildingsarenearlyacenturyold.ThetempleconnectstotheYuyuanGarden,anotherlandmarkoftheoldcity.Thetemple'ssurroundingareaandvicinityisalargecommercialdistrictthathostsanarrayofshops,restaurants,teahouses,aswellasannualtemplefairevents.ApaifangadjacenttothetempleOneofthealtarsofthetemplePavilionsandteahousesintheChenghuangThestreetsofChenghuangMiaoMiaoarea文案大全 实用文档Regardlessofsize,manywalledcitiesinancientChinacontainedatemplededicatedtooneormoreimmortalorgodasthespirit(s)orprotector(s)ofthecity.TheCityGodTempleinShanghaioriginatedastheJinshanGodTemple,dedicatedtothespiritofJinshan,or"GoldMountain",anislandoffthecoastofShanghai.ItwasconvertedintoaCityGodTemplein1403,duringtheYongleeraoftheMingdynasty.DuringtheQingDynasty,thetemplegrewpopular.Residentsoftheoldcityaswellasnearbyareasvisitedthetempletoprayforgoodfortuneandpeace.ThetemplereacheditslargestextentintheDaoguangera.Thepopularityofthetemplealsoledtomanybusinessesbeingsetupinthearea,turningthesurroundingstreetsintoabusymarketplace.In1951,theBoardofTrusteesoftheCityGodTemplewasdissolved,andthetemplewashandedovertotheShanghaiTaoistAssociationandmadeintoaTaoistcenter.Theinstitutionmadechangestothetemple,removingstatuesrepresentingfolkUnderworldpersonalitiessuchasYama,thejudgeofthedead,andplacinganemphasisonTaoistspiritualityinstead.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,thetemplewascloseddownandusedforotherpurposes.Formanyyears,themainhallwasusedasajewelleryshop.In1994,thetemplewasrestoredtoitsformeruseasatemple,withresidentTaoistpriests.TheTemple,togetherwithnearbyYuyuanGardenandthesurroundingstreets,arenowpartofalargepedestrianzonededicatedtorestaurantsandretail.AcompleterestorationoftheCityGodTempletookplacebetween2005and2006.InOctober2006theplaceofworshipwasreopenedandreconstructedbyTaoistclergymen.※YuYuanGardenYuYuanGarden文案大全 实用文档YuYuanGardenlocatedinthecenteroftheOldCitynexttotheChenghuangmiaoareainShanghai,China,isconsideredoneofthemostlavishandfinestChinesegardensintheregion.ThegardenisaccessiblefromthenearbyYuyuanGardenStationontheShanghaiMetroline10.HistoryThegardenwasfirstestablishedin1559asaprivategardencreatedbyPanYunduan,whospentalmost20yearsbuildingagardentopleasehisfatherPanEn,ahigh-rankingofficialintheMingDynasty,duringhisfather'soldage.Overtheyears,thegardensfellintodisrepairuntilabout1760whenboughtbymerchants,beforesufferingextensivedamageinthe19thcentury.In1842,duringtheOpiumWars,theBritisharmyoccupiedtheTownGodTempleforfivedays.DuringtheTaipingRebellionthegardenswereoccupiedbyimperialtroops,anddamagedagainbytheJapanesein1942.TheywererepairedbytheShanghaigovernmentfrom1956–1961,openedtothepublicin1961,anddeclaredanationalmonumentin1982.DesignYuYuanGardenToday,YuyuanGardenoccupiesanareaof2hectares(5acres),andisdividedintosixgeneralareaslaidoutintheSuzhoustyle:GrandRockery-rockerymadeofhuangshistone(12mhigh),featuringpeaks,cliffs,windingcavesandgorges.ThisscenerywaspossiblycreatedbyZhangNanyangintheMingDynasty.ThisareaalsocontainstheSansui(ThreeCornEars)Hall.HeraldingSpringHall(Dianchun)-builtin1820,thefirstyearoftheEmperorDaoguang'sreign.FromSeptember1853toFebruary1855,itservedasthebaseoftheSmallSwordsSociety.InnerGarden-rockeries,ponds,pavilions,andtowers,firstlaidoutin1709andmorerecentlyrecreatedin1956bycombiningitseastandwestgardens.文案大全 实用文档JadeMagnificenceHall(Yuhua)-furnishedwithrosewoodpiecesfromtheMingDynasty.LotusPool-withazigzagbridgeandmid-lakepavilion.TenThousand-FlowerTower(Wanhua)Gardenareasareseparatedby"dragonwalls"withundulatinggraytiledridges,eachterminatinginadragon'shead.Features·SansuiHall·YangshanHall·HugeRockery·CuixuiHall·RelaxationStoneBoat·YulePavilion·DoubleLaneCorridor·WanhuaChamber·GingkoTree·NineLionStudy·AncientWellPavilion·RelicHall·DianchunHall·ActingandSingingStage·KualiouPavilion·HexuHall·HuijingTower·ToastingPavilion·YuhuaHall·DeyueChamber·JadeWaterCorridor·DepositoryofBooksandPaintings·ExquisiteJadeRock·HuanlongBridge·InnerGarden·JingguanTower·GuantaoTower·DressCircle·KeylHall·StoneBoat·BigStage·Mid-LakePavilion·NineZigzagBridge·MasterLaoHal※TianZiFangHaveyoueverbeentoshanghai?Ifyouaregoingtotraveltoshanghai,youmusthaveawalkatTianZiFang,whichlocatesatKangtaiStreetinshanghai.Comparingwiththebrandnewmodernbuildings,youcanfindthespecialarchitectureofoldshanghaicity.Peoples,wholivedinshanghaiintheirlife,stilllivehere.It’ssuchapeacefulandquietplacetolive.Ontheotherhand,it’salsoagoodshoppingarea.Therearealotofbeautiful,specialanduniquegoods.Thestoresarelittle,butverycharacteristicwithfullofartbeauty.Thewholeshoppingareaisnotsolarge,butyouwillenjoywalkinghereandfindout文案大全 实用文档alotoffun.Whenyou’retired,youcangotooneofthelittlecafeorbartohaveadrinkorcake.Whatabeautifulday!(End)文案大全
