2014级应用化学专业英语期末复习资料

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1、2014级应用化学专业英语期末复习资料词汇和句式Chapter01.CharacteristicsofEnglishforScienceandTechnology常见后缀-on：组成原子微粒或非金属元素，proton（质子），neutron（中子），iron（离子），carbon（碳）等；-ium，um：金属元素的后缀，aluminum铝,calcium钙，等；-ane：…烷，methane甲烷等；-yl：…基，methyl甲基，ethyl乙基等；-ene：…烯，ethylene乙烯，propylene丙烯，butene丁烯等；-yne：…炔，ethyne乙炔，propyne丙炔，

2、butyne丁炔等；-ol：…醇，methanol甲醇，ethanol乙醇，propanol丙醇等；-one：…酮，propanone丙酮，butanone丁酮等；-ide：…化物，oxide氧化物，hydride氢化物，nitride氮化物等；-ite，-ate:盐，ite亚酸盐，phosphite亚磷酸盐;ate正酸，sulphate硫酸盐表数字的前缀：meth-甲eth-乙prop-丙but-丁pent(a)-戊hex(a)-己hept(a)-庚oct(a)-辛non(a)-壬dece(a)-癸mono-单一；bi/di-二，双；tri-三；tetra-四Chapter02M

3、atterchemicalbondsmassvolumeelementsAtom:atomicnucleus，proton,neutroncompoundsmixturesStatesofMatterpressuredensitysolubilityVaporizationSIbaseunits•Everythingthathasmassandvolumeiscalledmatter.Chapter03NomenclaturesofChemicalshydrocarbon（烃）alkanealkylcyclicalkanesalkenesalkynesaromatichydroca

4、rbonbenzeneprefixessuffixesfunctionalgroups52014级应用化学专业英语期末复习资料alcohol（醇）ketone（酮）aldhedye（醛）carboxylicacid（羧酸）ether（醚）ester（酯）amine（胺）amide（酰胺）•Ingeneralketones(R-CO-R)takethesuffix"-one"withapositionnumber.•Theshorterofthetwochainsbecomesthefirstpartofthenamewiththe-anesuffixchangedto-oxy,an

5、dthelongeralkanechainbecomethesuffixofthenameoftheether•Ingeneralcarboxylicacidsarenamedwiththesuffix-oicacid.Asforaldehydes,theytakethe"1"positionontheparentchain.ElementsAlkalimetalLiLithiumNaSodiumKPotassiumAlkalineearthmetalMgMagnesiumCaCalciumBaBarium.CarbongroupPnicogen:NNitrogenPPhospho

6、rusChalcogen:OOxygenSSulfurHalogen:FFluorineClChlorineBrBromineIIodinecationSinglevalenceionMultivalenceionanionMetalOxide.NonmetaloxideBases,andSaltsAcidsNonmetalhydridesChapter4WorkinLabglasswarebeakerflaskround-bottomedflaskfunnelburettetesttubevolumetricpipettevolumetricflaskwatchglassrunn

7、ingwaterfireextinguisheranalyticalscale/balanceLabels•Allchemicalsinthelaboratoryaretobeconsidereddangerous.Avoidhandlingchemicalswithfingers.Labels（标鉴）andequipmentinstructionsmustbereadcarefullybeforeuse.•Keephandsawayfromface,eyes,mou