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1、Tellus(1983),35B,241-254Elementalcarbonintheatmosphere:cycleandlifetimeByJ.A.OGREN'andR.J.CHARLSON,EnvironmentalEngineeringandScienceProgram,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,FC-115,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,Washington98195,USA.(ManuscriptreceivedJuly26;infinalf
2、ormNovember12,1982)ABSTRACTParticulateelementalcarbonisfoundintheatmosphereinbothurbanandremoteregionsandisoftenresponsibleformuchoftheabsorptionofsolarradiationbyatmosphericaerosols.Itsatmosphericlifetimeiscontrolledbyfourfactors:theinitialsizedistribution,thec
3、oncentrationofambientparticles,thefrequencyanddurationofprecipitation,andtheefficienciesofremovalmechanisms.Amodeloftheatmosphericcycleofparticulateelementalcarbonwhichincludesthesefactorshasbeenusedtoestimatetherangeofatmosphericlifetimesexpectedundervariouscon
4、ditions.Calculatedlifetimesrangefromunder40hoursinrainyclimatestowellover1weekinclean,dryregions.1.IntroductionEC,noatmosphericchemicalreactionsorphasechangesneedtobeconsideredbecauseitisAlthoughparticulateelementalcarbon(EC)isassumedtobeinertandnon-volatile.Int
5、hispaper,presentasaminorconstituentoftheatmosphere,afterdescribingthepropertiesofECrelevanttoitsandinspiteofitsbeingnearlyinert,itisofmajoratmosphericcycle,amechanisticmodelispre-significancetotheatmosphere.ECcancompriseasentedthatintegratesthem,allowscomparison
6、ofsignificantfractionofurbanaerosolmassthepathwaysbywhichECisprocessedinand(Countessetal.,1980),andhasbeenfoundinremovedfromtheatmosphere,andallowsesti-numerousruralandremoteareas(seee.g.,WolffmationofthetemporalandspatialscalesoftheandKlimisch,1982).Itisamajorc
7、ontributortodistributionofECintheatmosphereand,ulti-theabsorptionofsunlightbyaerosols(Rosenetal.,mately,predictionoftheresponseofthesystemto1978).Thisabsorption,whichhasbeenobservedchangesinthecontrollingparameters.eveninveryremotelocations(Ogrenetal.,1981;ECasf
8、oundintheatmosphereshowsonlyWaggoneretal.,1981;Heintzenberg,1!)82),couldmicrocrystallinestructure(Fig.lc),andhencethealtertheEarth'sclimatebywarmingtheatmos-particlem
