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1、[JMP2.2(2005)147-170]DOI:10.1177/1740468105054339AUtilitarianJustificationofDesertinDistributiveJusticeKRISTJÁNKRISTJÁNSSON*UniversityofAkureyriP.O.Box224602AkureyriIcelandkk@unak.isWecannotconcludefromtheassumptionsthatjusticeisavirtueanddesertisaningredi
2、entinjusticethatdesertclaimsthemselvesexpressavirtue.Itcouldbethatdesertismorallyneutral,orevenimmoral,andthatthereareotheraspectsofjusticewhichmakeitall-in-allvirtuous.Weneed,inotherwords,anindependentmoraljustificationofdesertanddesert-basedemotions.Inth
3、ispaperItakeonthechallengeofarticulat-inganddefendingautilitarianjustificationofdesertindistributivejustice.Iargue,first,thatwhiletheremaybewaysofaccommodatingdesert-con-cernsinliberaltheory,thiscannot,intheviewofliberalsthemselves,bedonewithoutconsiderabl
4、ecosttotheidealsthatareclosesttotheirhearts.Bycontrast,Isuggestthatadeceptivelysimpleutilitarian(Millian)defenceofdesertcanbemadetowork.Finally,Iattempttosurmountvariouspos-sibleobjectionsthatmightberaisedagainstmyutilitarianjustificationandconcludethatnon
5、eofthemconfutesit.thinkitisfairtosaythattheacademicenthusiasmforthedesert-ignoringItheoriesofdistributivejustice,whichdominatedjusticediscourseaquarter-of-a-centuryago,hasabatedabitrecently.Manyjustice-theoriesoflatethustendtobeeitherdesert-sensitive—thati
6、s,theyacceptpre-institutionaldesertasasalient,ifsomewhateasilydefeasible,ingredientinoveralljustice,1ordesert-prioritizing—thatis,theyconsiderdesertthemostimportantsingleingredientinjusticealthoughitcansometimesbemorallyoutweighedby*IwouldliketothankBarbar
7、aB.Nelsonforherinvaluablehelpinpreparingthispaper,andSerenaOlsarettiforherincisivecommentsonanearlierdraft.1.Seee.g.D.Miller,PrinciplesofSocialJustice(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1999).ThisalsoseemstobeJ.Feinberg’sviewinhisgroundbreakingpaper,‘Just
8、iceandPersonalDesert’,inhisDoingandDeserving:EssaysintheTheoryofResponsibility(Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1970),pp.55-87,wherehepositspre-institutionaldesertandinstitutionalentitlementsasthetwofundame
