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1、SocialJusticeResearch,Vol.12,No.1,1999hToOurBenefitoratYourExpense?JusticeConsiderationsinIntergroupAllocationsofPositiveandNegativeResourcesSabineOtten1,2andAmelieMummendey1Severalstudiesconsistentlydemonstratedapositive-negativeasymmetryinso-cialdiscrimination.Inlinewith
2、classicalminimalgroupexperiments,laboratorygroupsfavoredtheirin-groupwhenallocatingpositiveresourcesorevaluatingpositivedimensions.However,theyrefrainedfromdiscriminatingbehaviorassoonasnegativeresourceshadtobedistributedbetweengroups.Weproposethatthisisduetovalence-specif
3、icdifferencesintheconsiderationandperceptionofsocialjustice.Severalstudiestestedwhethersocialnormsinhibitingin-groupfavoritismandout-groupderogationaredifferentlyinterpretedorweighedduetothevalenceofresources.Consequently,asurveyofthesestudiesisgivenandtheirimplica-tionsfo
4、rclassicaltheoriesonintergroupbehaviorandfutureresearchonsocialdiscriminationarediscussed.KEYWORDS:distributivejustice;minimalgroupparadigm;normativeappropriateness;positive-negativeasymmetry;socialdiscrimination;socialidentitytheory.INTRODUCTIONSocialpsychologicalresearch
5、onintergroupconflictandsocialdiscriminationhasbeencruciallymotivatedbySherif's"RealisticConflictTheory"(Sherif,1966).Hisfamous"robber'scaveexperiments"(Sherifetal.,1961)demonstratedhowinterdependenceofgoalscanregulateharmonyortensionamonggroups.Inthelatesixties,however,con
6、flictinggoalsasanecessarypre-suppositionofintergroupdiscriminationhasbeenquestioned.1Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena,Jena,Germany.2AllcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoSabineOtten,DepartmentofSocialPsychology,Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena,D-07743Jena,Germany.190885-74
7、66/99/0900-0019$16.00/0©1999PlenumPublishingCorporation20OttenandMummendeySincetheearlyminimalgroupexperimentsbyRabbieandHorwitz(1969)andTajfeletal.(1971),manyexperimentsdemonstratedthatmerelycategorizingindividualsintotwodistinctgroupscanbesufficienttoelicitin-groupfavori
8、tismandout-groupderogation.Althoughtheparticipantsinthesestudieswerecate-gorizedanonymous
