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1、Unit8KnowledgeandWisdom-BertrandRussellBy:昆明理工大学外国语言文化学院AbouttheauthorBertrandArthurWilliamRussell(伯特兰·亚瑟·威廉·罗素)(1872-1970)3rdEarlRussell(第三代罗素伯爵)FromWalesABritishphilosopher,logician,essayist,socialcritic,andanti-waractivist,oneofthegreatestthinkersin20thcentury,bestknown
2、forhisworkinmathematiclogicandanalyticphilosophy.AshortchronologyofthemajoreventsinRussell'slifeisasfollows:(1890)EntersTrinityCollege,Cambridge;meetsWhitehead.(1893)Awardedfirst-classB.A.inMathematics.(1896)AppointedlecturerattheLondonSchoolofEconomics;travelstotheUnitedSt
3、ates.(1899)AppointedlectureratTrinityCollege,Cambridge.(1901)ReappointedlectureratCambridge;discoversRussell'sparadox.(1908)ElectedFellowoftheRoyalSociety.(1931)BecomesthethirdEarlRusselluponthedeathofhisbrother.(1950)AwardedNobelPrizeforLiterature.(1955)ReleasesRussell-Ein
4、steinManifesto.(1958)BecomesfoundingPresidentoftheCampaignforNuclearDisarmament.(1963)EstablishestheBertrandRussellPeaceFoundation.(1970)DiesFebruary02atWales.著作:《哲学问题》(1911年)《西方哲学史》,(1950年,因书获得诺贝尔奖)《幸福之路》(1930年)《我的哲学发展》(1959年)《论几何学的基础》(1897年)《莱布尼茨的哲学》(1900年)《数学原则》(1903年)《数
5、学原理》(3卷,与怀特海合著,1910年至1913年间完成)《心的分析》(1921年)《物的分析》(1927年)《对意义和真理的探究》(1940年)EssayistSince1916,Russellonlyhaveshort-termuniversitycareersohemainlydependsonthewritingforaliving.Russellsaid:Astyleisnotgoodunlessitisanintimateandalmostinvoluntaryexpressionofthepersonalityofthewri
6、ter,andthenonlyifthewriter’spersonalityisworthexpression.Russell'sprosestyle*PlainnessandSimplicity*BrevityandClarity*AccuracyandSagacity*SatireandHumorPlainnessandSimplicity(平易朴实)e.g.Mathematics,rightlyviewed,possessesnotonlytruth,butsupremebeauty-abeautycoldandaustere,lik
7、ethatofsculpture,withoutappealtoanypartofourweakernature,withoutthegorgeoustrappingsofpaintingormusic,yetsublimelypure,andcapableofasternperfectionsuchasonlythegreatestartcanshow.↑BrevityandClarity(简洁明晰)Brevityisthesoulofwit.-PoloniusIwishtosayeverythinginthesmallestnumbero
8、fwordsinwhichitcouldbesaidclearly,andtothisaimIwaswillingtosacrificeallattemptsata