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1、TURINGThispageintentionallyleftblank3GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP,UnitedKingdomOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregiste
2、redtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries©B.JackCopeland2012ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedFirstEditionpublishedin2012Impression:1Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted
3、,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRig
4、htsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherformandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableISBN978–0–19–963979–3PrintedinGreatBritainbyClaysLtd,StIvesplcThisb
5、ookisdedicatedtoallTuring’sfriendsand(inmemoriam)toRobinGandy,JackGood,PeterHilton,andDonaldMichie.IamgratefultoRalphErskine,AndreHaeff,BrettMann,DianeProudfoot,BernardRichards,MartinSage,OronShagrir,EdwardSimpson,andEricSteinhartfortheirhelpfulcommentsonpartsof
6、themanuscript.SpecialthankstoLathaMenonforherconstantencouragement,goodadvice,andpatience.ThispageintentionallyleftblankTABLEOFCONTENTS1.Click,Tap,orTouchtoOpen12.TheUniversalTuringMachine113.America,Mathematics,Hitler234.Di–di–di–dah—EnigmaCalling375.Turing’sU-
7、boatBattle556.1942:BacktoAmerica+Hitler’sNewCode777.Colossus,Delilah,Victory998.ACE,AMonth’sWorkinaMinute1239.Manchester’s‘ElectronicBrain’14510.TheImitationGame—ArtificialIntelligence,ArtificialLife17311.ColdPorridge19912./END////223Appendix:ASimpleTuringMachin
8、e235Notes239Index289Thispageintentionallyleftblank1CLICK,TAP,ORTOUCHTOOPENThreewordstosumupAlanTuring?Humour:hehadanimpish,irreverent,andinfectioussenseofhumour.Coura
