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1、Internet,SocialCapital,andDemocracyintheInformationAge:Korea’sDefeatMovement,theRedDevils,CandleLightAnti-U.S.Demonstration,andPresidentialElectionduring2000-2002Han,Jongwoojonghan@maxwell.syr.eduAssistantProfessorDepartmentofPoliticalScience&SeniorAssociateInformationandCompu
2、tingTechnologyGroupTheMaxwellSchoolofCitizenshipandPublicAffairs&FellowSystemAssuranceInstituteSyracuseUniversityCopyright@JongwooHan,September2002DRAFT:PLEASEDONOTCITEWITHOUTPERMISSIONOFTHEAUTHORAbstract:Drawntounparalleledopportunitiescreatedbycyberspace,socialscientistshave
3、attemptedtoidentifytheimpactoftheinformationtechnologyrevolutionondemocraticgovernance.Willnewtechnologiespromotedemocracy?Ifso,howwilltheychangethepoliticallandscapeandinteractwithpreexistingfactorsinsociety?Thesequestionsarecloselyrelatedtooneofthemostdistressingindicatorsfo
4、rthefutureofdemocracy,theundiminishingpresenceofanapoliticalconstituency,especiallywithintheyounggeneration.Thus,theexcludedyounggenerationhadnovoice,leavingthefoundationofpoliticalsystemsvulnerabletotheissuesofdemocraticunaccountabilityandweaklegitimacy.Thisphenomenonarosefro
5、mthemechanismofthepublicsphereintheindustrialage,whichisgearedtowardmaintainingtheexistingpowerrelationshipsratherthantowardreflectingchangesinsociety.Korea’srecentexperiencehasclearlyindicatedthatintheinformationage,theInternet,whencombinedwithsocialcapital,canchangesuchdispr
6、oportionatepowerrelationships.TheInternetasanewpublicspheresuccessfullyservesasanexplosivemeansofreconnectingthetacitmajoritywithsocialissuesandempoweringthemostlyapoliticalyounggenerationasanewpoliticalforce.Insodoing,itwillbethemostcriticalfeatureonthefuturemapofpowerconfigu
7、rationindemocracy.Thisarticlearguesthatinformationtechnologyalonedoesnotdeterminethesuccessfulevolutionofdemocracy.Rather,itissocialcapitalthatproducedunprecedentedpoliticalrevolutioninKorea.Thissuggeststhattheimpactofinformationtechnologyontheprospectsforacountry’sdemocracyis
8、highlydependentuponitssocialcapital.Thisarticleanalyzeshowmaj