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1、THENETWORKSTRUCTUREOFSOCIALCAPITALRonaldS.BurtABSTRACTThisisareviewofargumentandevidenceontheconnectionbetweensocialnetworksandsocialcapital.Mysummarypointsarethree:(I)Researchandtheorywillbettercumulateacrossstudiesifwefocusonthenetworkmechanismsres
2、ponsibleforsocialcapitaleffectsratherthantryingtointegrateacrossmetaphorsofsocialcapitallooselytiedtodistantempiricalindicators.(2)Thereisanimpressivediversi9ofempiricalevidenceshowingthatsocialcapitalismoreafunctionofbrokerageacrossstructuralholesth
3、anclosurewithinanetwork,buttherearecontingencyfactors.(3)Thetwoleadingnetworkmechanismscanbebroughttogetherinaproductivewaywithinamoregeneralmodelofsocialcapital.Structuralholesarethesourceofvalueadded,butnetworkclosurecanbeessentialtorealizingtheval
4、ueburiedintheholes.ResearchinOrganizatinnalBehaviour,Volume22,pages345-423.CopyrightO2000byElsevierScienceInc.Allrightsofreproductioninanyformreserved.ISBN:0-7623-0641-6345RONAI-DS.BURTTheNetworkSrruclureofSocialCapitalINTRODUCTIONSocialCapitalMetaph
5、oradvantagesthatindlviduslsorroupshovebecauseoflhelrlocationInsojalstructureSocialcapitalisfastbecorningacoreconceptinbusiness,politicalscience,andsociology.Anincreasingnumberofresearcharticlesandchaptersonsocial-capitalareappearing(lookatthcrccentpu
6、blicationdatesforthereferencesto~etworkModelsNetworkModelsNetworkModelsofContagionofProminencethischapter),literaturerevicwshavebeguntoappear(e.g.Nahapiet&Ghoshal,(inlormalionIsno!a(informalionisno!aclearauldetobehavlor.clesrouldetobehsvlor1998;Porte
7、s,1998;Sandefur&Laumann,1998;Woolcock,1998;Foley&SOsoobse~sblepeerbehavlortherominenceofanClosureBrokerageEdwards,1999;Lin,1999;Adler&Kwon,2000),booksarededicatedtoitIStakenasasignallnd;vidualorgroup(compelitlveadvantage(competitveadvanlageoforooerbe
8、haviorIstakenasasronalcomesfrommanagingrisk;comesfrominformation(e.g.Leenders&Gabbay,1999;Baker,2000;Lesser,2000;Lin,Cook,&Burt,closednetworksenhanceaccessandcontrol;communlcatlonendfacil~tatenetworksthatspan2001;Lin,forthcoming),andtheterminitsliia
