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1、TheNatureofPerceptionFoster,JohnFellowandTutorinPhilosophy,BrasenoseCollege,OxfordAbstract:Withintheframeworkofarealistviewofthephysicalworld,therearetwogeneraltheoriesofthenatureofperception.Thefirstisstrongdirectrealism(SDR).Thisacceptsarealistviewofthe
2、physicalworld,andclaimsthatourperceptualaccesstothisworldispsychologicallydirect.Thesecondisthebroadrepresentativetheory(BRT).Thistooacceptsarealistviewoftheworld,butclaimsthatperceptualcontactwithphysicalitemsisalwayspsychologicallymediated,i.e.itisconst
3、itutedbythecombinationofthesubject'sbeinginamorefundamentalpsychologicalstate,whichisnotinitselfphysical-itemperceptive,andcertainadditionalfacts.SDRcannotprovideasatisfactoryaccountofthephenomenalcontentofperceptionandhowsuchcontentfeaturesinthesecuringo
4、fperceptualcontact.BRTcannotexplainhowwecanhavegenuineperceptualaccesstothephysicalworldatall.Inthefaceofthisdilemma,theonlywayofprovidingasatisfactoryaccountofperceptionisbyabandoningtheassumptionofphysicalrealismandadoptinganidealistviewofthephysicalwor
5、ld.Thisviewcan,inanycase,beestablishedascorrectbyindependentarguments.Abstract2:Letusprovisionallyassumearealistviewofthephysicalworld,whichtakestheworldtobemind-independentandmetaphysicallyfundamental.Withintheframeworkofthisassumption,therearetwogeneral
6、theoriesofthenatureofperception.LetussaythatasubjectΦ-terminallyperceivesacertainphysicalitemifandonlyifheperceivesthatitem,andthereisnootherphysicalitemsuchthathisperceivingofthisseconditemmediateshisperceivingofthefirst.Thenoneofthetwotheoriesendorsesar
7、ealistviewofthephysicalworld,andclaimsthat,whensomeoneΦ-terminallyperceivesaphysicalitem,hisperceptualcontactwiththatitemissomethingpsychologicallyfundamental.Icallthis‘strongdirectrealism’(SDR).Theothertheoryalsoendorsesarealistviewoftheworld.Butitsclaim
8、isthat,wheneversomeoneperceivesaphysicalitem(andevenwhentheperceivingofthisitemisΦ-terminal),hisperceptualcontactwithitispsychologicallymediated,i.e.itisconstitutedbythecombinationofhisbeinginsomemorefundamentalpsyc
