visual perception

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1、OrganizationalProcessesinPerceptionAttentionalprocessPrinciplesofperceptualgrouping知觉组织原则Spatialandtemporalintergration空间上和时间上的整和MotionperceptionDepthperceptionperceptualconstanciesOrganizationalProcessesinPerceptionTheprocessesthatputsensoryinformationtogethertogiveyoutheperceptionofcoherenceare

2、referredtocollectivelyasprocessesofperceptualorganization.AttentionalprocessThemorecloselyyouattendtosomeobjectoreventintheenvironment,themoreyoucanperceiveandlearnaboutit.DeterminingthefocusofourattentionGoal-directedselection目的指向选择:reflectsthechoicesthatyoumakeabouttheobjectstowhichyou’dliketoa

3、ttend,asafunctionofyourowngoals.Stimulus-drivencapture刺激驱动捕获:occurswhenfeaturesofthestimuli-objectsintheenvironment-themselvesautomaticallycaptureyourattention,independentofyourlocalgoal.Researchsuggeststhatstimulus-drivencapturewinsoutovergoal-directedattention.ThefateofunattendedinformationDavi

4、dBroadbentsuggestedthatthemindhasalimitedcapacitytoprocessinformationinourenvironment.Thus,attentionfunctionstorestrictandregulateinformationthatflowsintoourawareness.FilterTheory过滤理论：atteststhatselectionofattentionoccursearlyintheprocess,priortothemeaningorinterpretationoftheobjectbeingprocessed

5、.ThefateofunattendedinformationDichoticlisteningexperiments双耳分听differentauditorystimuliarepresentedtoeachear,wasusedtotestthefiltertheory.Theresearchsubjectisinstructedtorepeatonlyoneofthetwomessagespresented(aprocedurecalledshadowingtheattendedmessage).ThefateofunattendedinformationFilterTheoryw

6、aschallengedbycocktailpartyphenomenon.PrinciplesofPerceptualgroupingPrinciplesofPerceptualgrouping知觉的组织原则:thetendencytointegrateperceptualelementsintomeaningfulpatterns.Gestaltpsychology格式塔心理学OtherGestaltrulesfororganizationGestaltpsychology格式塔心理学ItwasprominentinGermanyinthe1920s.Threefounders-Ma

7、xWerthimer(1880-1943),Kurtkoffka(1886-1941),andWolfgangKohler(1887-1967).Gestalt-means“whole”orgoodformpsychologicalphenomenaareunderstoodonlywhentheyareorganizedintoaunifiedwhole,notasindividualperceptualelements.Figu