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1、6ThePrimacyofPerceptionandItsPhilosophicalConsequencesPreliminarySummaryoftheArgument1.PerceptionasanOriginalModalityofConsciousnessThestudyofperception,pursuedwithoutprejudicebypsychologists,endsupbyrevealingthattheperceivedworldisnotacollectionofobjectsinthesenseinwhich
2、thesciencesusethisword,thatourrelationtotheworldisnotthatofathinkertoanobjectofthought,andthatfinallytheunityoftheperceivedthing,aboutwhichseveralconsciousnessesagree,cannotbeassimilatedtotheunityofatheoremthatseveralthinkersrec-ognize,norcanperceivedexistencebeassimilated
3、toidealexistence.1Asaresult,wecannotapplytheclassicaldistinctionofformandmattertoperception,norcanweconceivetheperceivingsubjectasacon-sciousnesswhich“interprets,”“deciphers,”or“orders”asensiblematterwhoseideallawitwouldpossess.Matteris“pregnant”withitsform,whichistosayth
4、atinthefinalanalysiseveryperceptiontakesplacewithinacer-tainhorizonandultimatelyinthe“world,”thatbotharepresenttouspracticallyratherthanbeingexplicitlyknownorpositedbyus,andthatfi-nallytherelation,whichissomehoworganic,oftheperceivingsubjectandworldinvolves,inprinciple,thec
5、ontradictionofimmanenceandtranscendence.2.TheGeneralizationofTheseResultsDotheseresultshaveanyvaluebeyondthatofpsychologicaldescription?Thiswouldbethecase,ifwecouldsuperimposeaworldofideasontheperceivedworld.Butinrealitytheideastowhichwegiveourassentarevaluableonlyforaper
6、iodofourlivesorforaperiodinthehistoryofcul-ture.Evidenceisneverapodictic,noristhoughttimeless,thoughthereissomeprogressinobjectificationandthoughtisalwaysvalidformorethananinstant.Thecertaintyofideasisnotthefoundationofthecertaintyofperceptionbutis,rather,basedonit—inthati
7、tisperceptualexperiencewhichgivesusthepassagefromonemomenttothenextandthusrealizes8990THEMERLEAU-PONTYREADERtheunityoftime.Inthissenseallconsciousnessisperceptual,eventheconsciousnessofourselves.3.ConclusionsTheperceivedworldisthefoundationthatisalwayspresupposedbyallra-t
8、ionality,allvalue,andallexistence.Thiskindofconceptiondestroysnei-therrationalitynortheabsolute.
