Reactive Power Supply and Consumption Report

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1、PrinciplesforEfficientandReliableReactivePowerSupplyandConsumptionTableofContentsPreface..........................................................................................................................2ExecutiveSummary.......................................................................

2、...............................3Chapter1–Introduction:WhatIsReactivePowerandWhyAreWeConcernedAboutIt?................................17Chapter2–PhysicalCharacteristicsandCostsofReactivePowerinACSystems....25Chapter3–HistoryofReactivePowerPricing.....................................................

3、.......45Chapter4–InternationalReactivePowerMarkets.................................................59Chapter5–ExistingReactivePowerIssues................................................................65Chapter6–PricingandProcurementOptionsforReactivePower.............................85Chapter7–C

4、onclusions,RecommendationsandQuestions......................................105Glossary.....................................................................................................................117AppendixA–LiteratureReviewofReactivePowerMarkets....................................123Appe

5、ndixB–Generators...........................................................................................131AppendixC–Transmission........................................................................................144AppendixD–SystemOperator...................................................

6、...............................160AppendixE–ElectricPlantsinService.......................................................................174FEDERALENERGYREGULATORYCOMMISSIONStaffReport•DocketNo.AD05-1-000•February4,2005888FirstStreet,N.E.Washington,D.C.20426FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionStaffR

7、eport•February4,20051PrinciplesforEfficientandReliableReactivePowerSupplyandConsumptionPrefaceInAugust2003,therewasawidespreadpoweroutagethataffected50millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesandCanada.AsaresultoftheApril20