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1、FINANCE,DEVELOPMENT,ANDTHEIMFThispageintentionallyleftblankFinance,Development,andtheIMFJamesM.BoughtonandDomenicoLombardi(Editors)13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,schol
2、arship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSout
3、hKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork#OxfordUniversityPress2009ThemoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversit
4、yPress(maker)Firstpublished2009Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsri
5、ghtsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDa
6、taavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,NorfolkISBN978–0–19–923986–313579108642ForewordbyMichelCamdessusMorethanmanymultilateralinstitutions,theIMF,i
7、tsmandate,itsrole,anditsrecordarefrequentlyatthecenterofinternationaldebates.Viewsexpressedareinapermanentpendulumswingingbetweenanarrowlyfocusedmandate,basedonaliteralinterpretationofits“monetarycharacter”and—particularlyattimesofemergencies—theconvenienceoftakingadvantageofthehighp