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1、FINANCE,DEVELOPMENT,ANDTHEIMFThispageintentionallyleftblankFinance,Development,andtheIMFJamesM.BoughtonandDomenicoLombardi(Editors)13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholars
2、hip,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKorea
3、SwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork#OxfordUniversityPress2009ThemoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(ma
4、ker)Firstpublished2009Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganiza
5、tion.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibr
6、aryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,NorfolkISBN978–0–19–923986–313579108642ForewordbyMichelCamdessusMorethanmanymultilateralinstitutions,theIMF,itsmandate,itsrole,
7、anditsrecordarefrequentlyatthecenterofinternationaldebates.Viewsexpressedareinapermanentpendulumswingingbetweenanarrowlyfocusedmandate,basedonaliteralinterpretationofits“monetarycharacter”and—particularlyattimesofemergencies—theconvenienceoftakingadvantageofthehighp
