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1、ActionResearch：行动研究ActionResearchRichardDonato,UniversityofPittsburghActionresearchcaninformteachersabouttheirpracticeandempowerthemtotakeleadershiprolesintheirlocalteachingcontexts.Mills(2003)providesthefollowingdefinitionofactionresearch:Actionresearchisanysystematicinqui
2、ryconductedbyteacherresearcherstogatherinformationaboutthewaysthattheirparticularschooloperates,howtheyteach,andhowwelltheirstudentslearn.Theinformationisgatheredwiththegoalsofgaininginsight,developingreflectivepractice,effectingpositivechangesintheschoolenvironmentandonedu
3、cationalpracticesingeneral,andimprovingstudentoutcomes.(p.4)Actionresearchisconductedbyteachersandforteachers.Itissmallscale,contextualized,localized,andaimedatdiscovering,developing,ormonitoringchangestopractice(Wallace,2000).Thedefiningfeaturesofactionresearchalsoreflectt
4、hequalitiesofleadersincollaborativeculturesofchange.Thesequalitiesincludeadeepunderstandingoftheorganization,visionandinsight,aquestfornewknowledge,adesireforimprovedperformance,self-reflectiveactivity,andawillingnesstoeffectchange(Fullan,2000a,2000b).ThisDigestdiscussesafr
5、ameworkforconductingactionresearchanddescribesanactionresearchstudycarriedoutinanelementaryschoolSpanishprogram.AFrameworkforActionResearchAreviewofactionresearchframeworksrevealsseveralcommonfeatures.Anactionresearchprojectseekstocreateknowledge,proposeandimplementchange,a
6、ndimprovepracticeandperformance(Stringer,1996).KemmisandMcTaggert(1988)suggestthatthefundamentalcomponentsofactionresearchincludethefollowing:(1)developingaplanforimprovement,(2)implementingtheplan,(3)observinganddocumentingtheeffectsoftheplan,and(4)reflectingontheeffectsof
7、theplanforfurtherplanningandinformedaction.Newknowledgegainedresultsinchangesinpractice(seealso,Fullan,2000a).Actionresearchisoftenconductedtodiscoveraplanforinnovationorinterventionandiscollaborative.BasedonKemmisandMcTaggert's(1998)originalformulationofactionresearchandsu
8、bsequentmodifications,Mills(2003)developedthefollowingframeworkforactionresearch:,
