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1、ActionResearch：行动研究ActionResearchRichardDonato,UniversityofPittsburghActionresearchcaninformteachersabouttheirpracticeandempowerthemtotakeleadershiprolesintheirlocalteachingcontexts.Mills(2003)providesthefollowingdefinitionofactionresearch:Actionresearchisanysyste
2、maticinquiryconductedbyteacherresearcherstogatherinformationaboutthewaysthattheirparticularschooloperates,howtheyteach,andhowwelltheirstudentslearn.Theinformationisgatheredwiththegoalsofgaininginsight,developingreflectivepractice,effectingpositivechangesintheschoo
3、lenvironmentandoneducationalpracticesingeneral,andimprovingstudentoutcomes.(p.4)Actionresearchisconductedbyteachersandforteachers.Itissmallscale,contextualized,localized,andaimedatdiscovering,developing,ormonitoringchangestopractice(Wallace,2000).Thedefiningfeatur
4、esofactionresearchalsoreflectthequalitiesofleadersincollaborativeculturesofchange.Thesequalitiesincludeadeepunderstandingoftheorganization,visionandinsight,aquestfornewknowledge,adesireforimprovedperformance,self-reflectiveactivity,andawillingnesstoeffectchange(Fu
5、llan,2000a,2000b).ThisDigestdiscussesaframeworkforconductingactionresearchanddescribesanactionresearchstudycarriedoutinanelementaryschoolSpanishprogram.AFrameworkforActionResearchAreviewofactionresearchframeworksrevealsseveralcommonfeatures.Anactionresearchproject
6、seekstocreateknowledge,proposeandimplementchange,andimprovepracticeandperformance(Stringer,1996).KemmisandMcTaggert(1988)suggestthatthefundamentalcomponentsofactionresearchincludethefollowing:(1)developingaplanforimprovement,(2)implementingtheplan,(3)observingandd
7、ocumentingtheeffectsoftheplan,and(4)reflectingontheeffectsoftheplanforfurtherplanningandinformedaction.Newknowledgegainedresultsinchangesinpractice(seealso,Fullan,2000a).Actionresearchisoftenconductedtodiscoveraplanforinnovationorinterventionandiscollaborative.Bas
8、edonKemmisandMcTaggert's(1998)originalformulationofactionresearchandsubsequentmodifications,Mills(2003)developedthefollowingframeworkforactionresearch:,
