国际经济学Chapter 7

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1、CHAPTER7InternationalFactorMovements*Therelationshipbetweentradeingoodsandtradeinfactors.Example:Home、Foreign；K、L；Manufacture、Food.Homeiscapital-abundant.Manufactureiscapital-intensive.tradeingoodsHomeLForeignKFDItradeinfactors*Tradeinfactorsisverymuchliketradeingoods,itoccursformuchthesamer

2、easonsandproducessimilarresults.Tradeinfactorsisanalternativetotradeingoodsfortheallocationofresources(reciprocalsubstitutionandsimultaneousexistence).Tradeinfactorstendstoraiseevenmorepoliticaldifficultiesthantradeingoods(lessimportantinpractice).§1.InternationalLaborMobility1.Aone-goodmode

3、lwithoutfactormobility2×2×1:Home、Foreign；T、L；outputFigure7-2TheMarginalProductofLabor·Therealwageearnedbyeachunitoflaborisequalstolabor’smarginalproduct.(1)MPL·P=WW/P=MPL(2)Q=∫0LMPL·dL=Rents+WagesPaymenttolabor:(W/P)·L=WagesPaymenttoland:Rents2.InternationallabormovementIf(T/L)<(T/L)*(W/P)<(

4、W/P)*L↓L*↑Figure7-3CausesandEffectsofInternationalLaborMobility·Theoutcomeoftheredistributionoftheworld’slaborforce.(1)W/P=W/P*(2)QW↑(theareaofABC)(3)IncomedistributionwithincountriesHome:W/P↑leavesworkersbetteroffandlandownersworseoffForeign:W/P↓leavesworkersworseoffandlandownersbetteroff.3

5、.Extendingtheanalysis·Tomodifythemodel——twogoods·Tradeinfactorsandtradeingoods——reciprcalsubstitutionandsimultaneousexistence.Casestudy:wageconvergenceintheageofmassmirgration.Realwage,1870(U.S.=100)Percentageincreaseinrealwage,1870-1913DestinationcountriesArgentina5351Australia1101Canada861

6、21UnitedStates10047OrigincountriesIreland4384Italy23112Norway24193Sweden24250Source:JeffreyG.Williamson,“TheEvolutionofGlobalLaborMarketssince1830:BackgroundEvidenceandHypotheses,”ExplorationsinEconomicHistory32(1995),pp.141-196.Casestudy:ImmigrationandtheU.S.economy.Immigrantsas%ofnativebor

7、nworkers,1980Immigrantsas%ofnativebornworkers,1990Change,1980-1990High-schooldropouts12.226.214.0Highschool4.46.11.7Somecollege5.86.91.1College7.59.72.2Source:GeorgeBorjas,RichardFreeman,andLawrenceKatz,“Searchingfortheeffectofimmigrationonthelabor