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《Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响(中英互译)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloning克隆在法律与道德上的影响Atfirstitwasjustplainsurprising.Wordthatscientistssucceededincloninganadultmammal—anachievementlongthoughtimpossible—caughttheimaginationofeveryone.ThelaboratoryprocessthatproducedDolly,anunremarkable-lookingsheep,theoreticallywouldworkforhumansasw
2、ell.Aworldwithhumancloneswassuddenlywithinreach.Itwassciencefictioncomingtolife.起初,这对人们绝对是个震惊。有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物,一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。克隆多莉(一只相貌无奇的绵羊)的实验过程,从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺,科幻小说变成了现实。Inthewakeofthisannouncement,governmentshurriedtodraftguidelinesfortheunknown,afutur
3、efilledwithincrediblepossibilities.PresidentClintonorderedanationalcommissiontostudythelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning.LeadersinEurope,wheremostnationsalreadyprohibithumancloning,beganexaminingthemoralimplicationsofcloningotherspecies.此消息宣布之后,为了一个未知世界,一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来,各国政府立即起草指导方针。克林顿总统命令一
4、个全国委员会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。在欧洲,大多数国家都已禁止克隆人类,各国领导此时也开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。LiketheTheoryofRelativity,thesplittingoftheatom,andthefirstspaceflight,Dolly'sappearancehasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpuzzlesforscientists,politicians,andphilosophers.Andwildquestionsonthetopicofcloningcontinuetomount.就像相对论、原子裂变和第
5、一次太空飞行一样,多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提出了一长串难以解答的难题。关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。Whywouldanyonewanttocloneahumanbeinginthefirstplace?首先,为什么有人想克隆人类?Thehumancloningsituationsthatexpertsconsidermostfrequentlyfallintotwobroadcategories:1)parentswhowanttocloneachild,eithertoprovidetransplantsforadyingchildortoreplacethatchi
6、ld,and2)adultswhoforavarietyofreasonsmightwanttoclonethemselves.专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类:1)父母想要克隆孩子,要么是想为面临死亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官,要么是想代替那个孩子;2)成年人出于各种各样的原因想要克隆自己。Willitbepossibletoclonethedead?是否可能克隆死去的人?Perhaps,ifthebodyisfresh,saysoneexpert.Thecloningmethodusedrequirescombininganeggcellwiththenucleu
7、sofacellcontainingtheDNAofthepersontobecloned.(DNAisaverylong,ribbon-likemoleculethatcontainsourgeneticinformation.)Andthatmeansthatthenucleusmustbeintact.Cellsdieandthecellnucleusbeginstobreakapartafterdeath.But,yes,intheoryatleastitmi