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1、TheSocialDivisionofWelfareSurveillancePaulHenmanandGregMarstonSocialPolicyUnitSchoolofSocialWorkandAppliedHumanSciencesUniversityofQueensland,Australiap.henman@uq.edu.aug.marston@uq.edu.au(pleasenote:paperhasbeenacceptedforpublicationJournalofSocialPolicy,tobepublished2008)Ab
2、stractElectronicsurveillancehasgrownrapidlyinrecentyears.Despitethis,surveillancepracticesandtheirsocialproductsareyettoreceiveseriousattentionintheacademicfieldofsocialpolicy.ExtendingTitmuss’classicalarticulationofthesocialdivisionofwelfare,thispaperdevelopsthenotionoftheso
3、cialdivisionofwelfaresurveillancetopointtothewayinwhichsurveillance,complianceburdensandriskmanagementunevenlyoperatewithinsociety.Theimplicationsforreinforcingsocialdivisionsandcriticalsocialpolicyanalysisarediscussed.TheSocialDivisionofWelfareSurveillanceWhenWilliam1ofEngla
4、ndcommissionedtheDomesdayBookin1085hecreatedarecordofallhissubjectstogetherwiththeirassets.Byrecordingtheaddressesandwealthofhisnewpopulacehedemonstratedhowsurveillancecanbeusedtodefineandcategoriseapopulationbasedontheirlevelofresources(Webster,2002:72).SincethetimeofWilliam
5、1,surveillancetechnologieshavecomealongwayinconstituting,measuringanddividingpopulationswithinthemyriadofgovernmentalspaces.Inthe21stCentury,ClosedCircuitTelevision(CCTV)camerasinshoppingmallsandairports(NorrisandArmstrong,1999;ColemanandSim,2000),large-scaledatabasesbeingrun
6、bygovernmentsupercomputers(Lyon,1994;Poster,1990:ch.3)andtheuseofdrug-testinginworkplaces(Hollandetal,2005)arenowpartoftheregularactivityofsocialgovernance(Lyon,2001).Surveillancetechnologiesgototheheartofhowweunderstandthe‘social’intermsofassessingandcalculatingtherisktoours
7、elvesandothersineverydayrelationsbetweenpeopleandsocialinstitutions,andbetweenpeopleandtheconstructedandnaturalenvironment.Withtheever-increasingsophisticationandentanglementofinformationtechnologiesinsocialandpublicprocesses,concernsaboutdataprotection,privacyandsurveillance
8、willcontinuetosurfaceasareasofconcernforpolicymakers,politiciansandt