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ID:35307109
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页数:13页
时间:2019-03-23
《现代大学词汇学概论总结》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、1.Morpheme(词素)Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.2.Allomorphs(词素变体)Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.3.Compounding(复合词)Compositionorcompoundingisaword-for
2、mationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,acompoundword.ItisacommondevicewhichhasbeenproductiveateveryperiodoftheEnglishlanguage.Todaythelargestnumberofnewwordsareformedbycompounding.4.Derivation(词源)A.Thedefinitionofprefixation(前缀)Prefixationistheform
3、ationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.Features:Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestembutonlymodifyitsmeaning.Themajorityofprefixesarecharacterizedbytheirnon-class-changingnature.Theirchieffunctionistochangemeaningsofthestems.B.Thedefinitionofsuffixation(后缀)
4、Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.Unlikeprefixeswhichprimarilychangethemeaningofthestem,suffixeshaveonlyasmallsemanticrole,theirprimaryfunctionbeingtochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems.Inotherwords,theymainlychangethewordclass.However,theymayal
5、soaddattachedmeaningtothestem.5.Conversion(转换)Conversionisaword-formationwherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Itisalsocalledzeroderivation(零位派生).Thisisamethodofturningwordsofonepartofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech
6、.Thesewordsarenewonlyinagrammaticalsense.Sincethewordsdonotchangeinmorphologicalstructurebutinfunction,thisprocessisalsoknownasfunctionalshift.6.AcronymyA.ThedefinitionofinitialismsInitialisms(首字母连写法):atypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechn
7、icalterm,oraphrase;aninitialismispronouncedletterbyletter.B.ThedefinitionofacronymsAcronyms(首字母拼音法):wordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaswords.Acronymsdifferfrominitialismsinthattheyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.7.BlendingBlending(拼
8、缀法)isaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningpartsoftwowords.Theresultofsuchaprocessiscalled
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