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时间:2019-03-08
《The Presupposition of Subjunctive Conditionals.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ThePresuppositionofSubjunctiveConditionalsKaivonFintelM.I.T.0.IntroductionWhyaresomeconditionalssubjunctive?Itisoftenassumedthatatleastonecrucialdifferenceisthatsubjunctiveconditionalspresupposethattheirantecedentisfalse,thattheyarecounterfactual(Lakoff1970).Thetraditionaltheo
2、ryhasapparentlybeenrefuted.Perhapstheclearestcounter-exampleisonegivenbyAlanAnderson(1951:37):IfJoneshadtakenarsenic,hewouldhaveshownjustexactlythosesymptomswhichhedoesinfactshow.Atypicalplacetousesuchasubjunctiveconditionalwouldbeinthecourseofanargumentthattriestobolsterthehy
3、pothesisthatJonesdidinfacttakearsenic.Butthenitwouldofcoursebeself-defeatingtopresupposethatthehypothesisisfalse.Thus,somethingelsemustbegoingon.1.PreliminariesLetÕsfirstassumethefollowingÒstrictÓsemanticsforÒbareÓconditionals,thoseinwhichtheif-clauserestrictsanimplicitquantif
4、ieroverworlds:(1)SchematicTruth-ConditionsforBareConditionalsAbareconditionalifp,qhasthelogicalform"D(ifp)(q).Ifdefined,itistrueinaworldwiffallworldsw'inD(w)suchthatp(w')aresuchthatq(w'):pÇD(w)Íq.HereDisafunctionthatassignstoany(evaluation)worldwasetofaccessibleworlds.Thissema
5、nticsdepartsinsomewaysfromthemorestandardStalnaker-Lewisanalysisandisjustifiedinarecentpaperofmine(vonFintel1997).Whatit*ThankstoPaulPortnerforveryhelpfulcommentsonapreviousdraft.ThankstoIreneHeimforlettingmeseealettertoherfromStanleyPetersaboutthesematters.ThankstoSabineIatri
6、dou,whopersuadedmetosharethepreviousdraftmorewidelyandthusforcedmetofaceuptoitsshortcomings.ThankstoUliSauerlandforeditorialcommentsandacoupleoflastminutecorrections.February1997(minimallyrevisedJune1997)forthcominginMITWorkingPapersinLinguistics25,eds.OrinPercusandUliSauerlan
7、dbasicallysaysisthatifp,qistrueinaworldwiffallp-worldsw'inthecurrentlyrelevantcontextuallydetermineddomainofquantificationD(w)areq-worlds.1WealsoassumeaÒcompatibilitypresuppositionÓ:(C)CompatibilityPresuppositionAconditionalifp,qisonlydefinedforaworldwifthecontextualdomainofqu
8、antificationD(w)includesp-worlds:pÇD(w)¹Æ.Arguablyanyquantifi
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