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时间:2019-03-08
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1、Specialreport:UniversitiesRankingsTopoftheclassCompetitionamonguniversitieshasbecomeintenseandinternationalMar28th2015
2、FromtheprinteditionASJAMILSALMIleavesthestageataTimesHigherEducationconferenceinQatar,heismobbedbypeoplepressingtheircardsonhim.AsaformercoordinatoroftheWorldBank’stertiarye
3、ducationprogrammeandauthorofabookentitled“TheChallengeofEstablishingWorldClassUniversities”,heisthewhitehairedsageoftheworldclassuniversitycontest.Andheisgreatlyindemand,forthecompetitiontoclimbtheinternationalrankingshasbecomeintense.HighereducationinAmericahaslongbeenastronglycompetitivebu
4、siness.StudentsanduniversitypresidentsalikekeenlywatchtherankingsproducedbytheUSNewsandWorldReport.Suchrankingsencouragestratification.Oneofthemetricsistheproportionofstudentsauniversityturnsaway,whichencouragesselectivity.Thatinturnencouragesdifferentiationbetweenbetterandworseuniversities.
5、TheAmericanmodelisthusquitedifferentfromthecontinentalEuropeanone,which(asidefromFrance’sgrandesécoles)isalotlessselectiveandmorehomogeneous.Nowcompetitionandstratificationarespreading.AccordingtoEllenHazelkorn,authorof“RankingsandtheReshapingofHigherEducation”,therearearound150nationalranki
6、ngsaroundtheworld.Butthankstoglobalisationandthegrowthininternationalstudentflows,attentionhasshiftedfromnationaltointernationalrankings.Governmentswanttopclassuniversitiesbecausethemoderneconomyisdrivenbyhumancapital.Thegoalistonurturepeoplewhowillcreateintellectualpropertyandclustersofhigh
7、techcompaniessimilartothosearoundStanfordandCambridge.Agreatresearchuniversityisnotasufficientconditionforcreatingsuchacluster,saysJeanLouChameau,formerpresidentofCaltechandnowpresidentofSaudiArabia’sKingAbdullahUniversityofScienceandTechnology(KAUST);but“youcan’tdoitwithouthavingmorethanone
8、greatuniversityaround.”Increasingrelianceontuitionfeesisanotherreasonformorecompetition.Students“wanttobesurethattheyhavegotabigglobalbrandontheircertificatethat’sgoingtobeapassporttotheirfuture”,saysPhilBaty,editoratlargeofTimesHigherEducation.Ame
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