遗传学期末考试复习资料

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1、遗传复习资料————（白痴粗略版，参考要慎重，呵呵！另外没按老师讲课的顺序）LectureContentsv1.Introduction.v2.Threelawsofgenetics.v3.Thechromosometheoryofinheritance.v4.Themappingandanalysisofgenomes.v5.Geneticsofgenomes.v6.Quantitativegenetics.v7.Populationgenetics.v8.Genefunctionsinmolecularlevel.v9.Extranucle

2、arinheritance.v10.Genemutationandepigeneticvariation.v11.Geneticrecombinationandtransposon.v12.Developmentalgenetics（待定）.2.Threelawsofgenetics.基因的分离定律，自由组合定律，连锁与互换定律Segregation§Anindividualinheritsaunitofinformation(allele)aboutatraitfromeachparent§Duringgameteformation,thea

3、llelessegregatefromeachotherIndependentassortment§Traitsarenotinheritedtogether§Informingthegametes,the“Factors”foranytwotraitsassortindependentlyfromoneanother§Mendelconcludedthatthetwo“units”forthefirsttraitweretobeassortedintogametesindependentlyofthetwo“units”fortheother

4、trait§Membersofeachpairofhomologouschromosomesaresortedintogametesatrandomduringmeiosis连锁与互换定律：处在同一染色体上的两个或两个以上基因遗传时，联合在一起的频率大于重新组合的频率；在配子形成的过程中，同源染色体的非姊妹染色单体间发生局部交换的结果导致重组类型的产生。Whataretheadvantagesofpeas?Large#ofpeavarietiesPeasaresmall,easytogrow,shortgenerationtimePeascan

5、self-fertilize;bisexual§Dominance显性=theabilityofonealleletoexpressitsphenotypeattheexpenseofanalternateallele;themajorformofinteractionbetweenalleles;generallythedominantallelewillmakeageneproductthattherecessivecannot;thereforethedominantallelewillexpressitselfwheneveritisp

6、resent§Recessive隐性=anallelewhoseexpressionissuppressedinthepresenceofadominantallele;thephenotypethatdisappearsintheF1generationfromthecrossoftwopurelinesandreappearsintheF2generation§Genotype=thegenesofanorganism;foronespecifictraitweusetwoletterstorepresentthegenotype.Acap

7、italletterrepresentsthedominantformofagene(allele),andalowercaseletteristheabbreviationfortherecessiveformofthegene(allele).§Phenotype=thephysicalappearanceofatraitinanorganism§Allele--onealternativeformofagivengenepair;tallanddwarfaretheallelesfortheheightofapeaplant;moreth

8、antwoallelescanexistforanyspecificgene,butonlytwoofthemwillbefoundwithinany