Analysis and the understanding of fluoride removal mechanisms by an

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1、DES-10548;NoofPages5Desalinationxxx(2011)xxx–xxxContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectDesalinationjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/desalAnalysisandtheunderstandingoffluorideremovalmechanismsbyanelectrocoagulation/flotation(ECF)processa,⁎,MuttucumaruSivakumarbcMohammadM.Emamjomeh,AliSafari

2、VaryaniaResearchCenterforCommunityDevelopmentandHealthpromotion,QazvinuniversityofMedicalSciences,Qazvin,IranbSustainableWaterandEnergyResearchGroup,SchoolofCivil,MiningandEnvironmentalEngineering,FacultyofEngineering,UniversityofWollongong,Wollongong,NSW2522,AustraliacOccupationalHealthGroup

3、,FacultyofHealth,QazvinuniversityofMedicalSciences,Qazvin,IranarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ElectrocoagulationisamethodofapplyingdirectcurrenttosacrificialelectrodesthataresubmergedinanReceived6December2010aqueoussolution.Dissolvingaluminum(Al3+)ispredominantintheacidicconditionandaluminum

4、Receivedinrevisedform12February2011hydroxidehastendencysoluble.ThedefluoridationprocesswasfoundtobeefficientforapHrangingfrom6Accepted14February2011to8.Thefluorideremovalmechanismsareinvestigatedbasedonthesolutionspeciation(AlandAl–FAvailableonlinexxxxcomplexes)anddriedsludgecharacteristicsinthe

5、electrocoagulator.TheXRDanalysisofthecompositionofKeywords:thedriedsludgeshowstheformationofAl(OH)3−xFxandprovidesconfirmationforthemainmechanismforElectrocoagulation/flotation(ECF)processfluorideremoval.Themechanismofthefluorideremovalwasconfirmedtobenotonlythecompetitive–−Fluorideremovalmechanis

6、madsorptionbetweenOHandFbutalsotheformationofsolidcryoliteinpHrangeof5–8.Analysis©2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.Sludgecharacteristics1.Introductionfluoridetreatment,includingglassmanufacturingindustries[4]andsemiconductorindustries[5]inthenaturalenvironment.SeveralInorganicconstituents,whi

7、chmaybepresentedinnaturalwatersmethodsweregloballystudiedfordefluoridationofwater,suchas:orincontaminatedsourcewaters,arefoundtobecomeamajorpublicadsorption[6–8],chemicalprecipitation[9–15],electrodialysis[13],healthproblemindrinkingwater.Thep