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万方数据AbstractTbniMorrisonisawomanwriterwhoattraCtsmucha：ttentioninAmerican1iteraryfield．Itisnotmerelybecausetllatsheisthefirstblack、祈ter、ⅣhoisawardedmeNobelPrizeinLiterature．Moreimponantly，eVe巧singleofherworl(Sfocusesontlleblacks’liVingconditionsandgiVespowermlattacktothe、Vhitesocie够Therefore，theyarousepeople’sawarenessofracialproblemsa11dencouragememtore—ex锄inesocialpractices．Pcz阳巍孵isoneoft11eserepresentatiVes．It，asmefirstnoVelsinceMoHisonwontheNobelf．rize，conti肌estoexplorethepossiblewaysofdeVel叩ingblackrace．Situatedinpost-ⅥetnamW犯Itnarratesstoriesoftwocommunities—_tbea11一blackto、vnandtheConvent．T6avoidmepersecutionofracismorseXism，mecharactersinmenoVelesc印e舶mt11esocietyandf．amilyandsetfkemecodeofnowofdesire．GillesDeleuzeaJldFelixGuatt撕’sspacetlleo巧pointoutnowisdesire．thecharactersinthenoVelstmgglefor如lfillingtheirflowofdesire．t11ethesisdecidestoeXploreDeleuzea11dGuatt撕’sconceptofnowinT0niMorrison’sParadise．ThemesisisdiVidedintothreechapters．ThefirStchapterinquiresimothenowmthea11-blackRubytown．AccordingtoDeleuzeand 万方数据Guattari’sspacemeory，flowgeneratesdeterritorialization甜1drete玎itorialization．Deterritorializationbreaksn．aditionalsocialcodificationwhilerete盯itorializationsetsupnewinstitutionstorecode．Unabletotolerateracialdiscrimination，pIlr．eblacksmi铲atea11dcons电nJctt11eirto、Vntwice．TheirExodusclaimsthedete仃i协rializationofw11itesupremacism．Whentheto、Ⅳnisbuilt，theyrete玎itorializemedisorderedracialspacebysaIlcti匆ingpasthistoqaJldobseⅣingrigidp删archy．Insuchaway，pureblacksarelabeledast11esuperiorraCe．ChapterTwoanalyzesthenowintheConVent．Lineofflightisabs01u【tedeterritorialization．Beyonddete门ritorialization，itbdngspower如1lifeforce．FiVewomendaretoesc叩ef．romfamilyandsocie吼whichclaimtheirdeterritorializationofracismaIldsexism．However，dia’erentfbmtheRubyites，thewomendonothLm了tosetmles．InsteadmeyreleasethemselVesandenjoybodilyandspiritllal厅eedom．Theybecomelinesofnightduringt11erealizationofself-Value，whichinStillsVitalitytotheircommuni够Chapter7111reediscusseshowtobecomeatl‘ueearthlyparadisebycomparingtheconditionsofRubyandtheConVent．Fulfillingt11enowofdesirecanbringene略yandthuspromoteproSperi吼Fearofouterpersecution，RubyconfomstoabsoluteexclusiVit)，andrepressesitsresidents’nowofdesire．Itsclose-doorpolicyleadstosocialstagnation，moralcom叩tionandeVendepopulation．TheirpmtectiVeparadiseislV 万方数据collapsing．TheConVent，onthecontrary，positiVelyembraceschangesoutside．Itwelcomespeople6．omdi艉remracialandsocialbaCkground．Itsopenp01icystimulatesdeVelopmentandmakesmecommunityanidealparadiseforitsre凡gees．HoweVer，theRubyf砒lersbl锄ethere臼．ogressiontot11ei11110centwomeniIltlleConVentalldViolentlye)(pelthem．F0n吼ately，t11etragedytriggerstheR-ubyites’reconsiderationoftheirpolicy．Theybeg协toacceptnewideasandliberatet11enowofdesire．AVigorousI沁bycomesintobeing．By也estudyandanalysisproposedaboVe，the也esisstriVestoprobeintot11eimportanceofme如lfillmentofnowofdesiretodeVelopment．AswhatToniMorrisonmanagestoexpressin砌朋如P，insteadofrepressingthenowofdesire，actiVelyencouragmgmepurSuitofnowcanbringdeVelopmentandprosperi吼Keywords：ToniMomson，砌m船8，theconceptofflow，deterritorialization，reterritorialization，linesofflightV 万方数据Contents摘j耍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．iAbstract⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．⋯⋯．。。．。⋯⋯。。。。。．．⋯．．．。。．。⋯⋯．。⋯．。。。．iiiIntroduction⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯1Chapter1TheFlowinRuby1阳wn⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯。161．1DeterritorializingWhiteSupremacism⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．171．2Rete玎itorializingtoaPatriarchicSpace⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯24Chapter2TheFlowintheConVent．．．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．382．1DeterritorializingRacismandSexism⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯一392．2TheLinesofFlight行omRacismandSexism⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．47Chapter3BecominganEarthIyParadise⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯593．1ResistancetoF10w：aDeadParadise⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．603．2EmbraceofFlow：aRealParadise⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．73Conclusion⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯85Notes⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．88Bibliography⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯90Acknowledgements攻读学位期间主要的研究成果目录 万方数据M．A-ThesisIntroductionToniMoHison，whoseworksarede印lyr00tedinAmericanblacks’u11iquehistoⅨfolktaleandreal咄印pearstobeaJloutst趴dinglitera叮figureinthegroupofAmericanblackwiters．Atmeendof1960s，MoHisonenteredAmericanlitera巧circleandwonherreputationofanexcellentblackwonlanⅥ，riter．Since1970whenshepublishedhermaidenwork砌P曰Z甜鲫f母g，shealtogemerhaswrittensixlongnoVels，including鼢肠(1973)，勋馏可勋肠聊D即(1977)，7打B以砂(1981)，曰8肠v鲥(1987)，如zZ(1991)a11df切阳如P(1998)．HernoVelscaremllyelaboratethecharacters’spiritualworldanddescribetheblacks，especiallyblackwomen．TheirloVeandhope，illusiona11ddisappointIllent，traumaandhappinessaremllydemonstrated．Morrison’seulogyabouttheblacks’indomitablespiritandresistantstmggleattractswhiteAmericanstoconcemaboutblackrace．In1993，shewasawardedmeNobelPrizeinLitera_tureandbec锄etIlefirstAmericanblackwriterandthefirstAmericanwomaIltowinmeprizesincePearlBuck．，切m如PisherfirstnovelaRershewonNobelPrizeandalsothelastoneofher“histo巧trilogy”whichincludesBP如wdand彪ZZ．While 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntmductionherpreviousfournovelscentreonsubjectsofgendera11dculture，hertrilogypaysmoreattentionto廿1eblackhisto巧oVeronehundredyears．眈，D馆dfocusesonAmericanslave巧and彪Zzdatesbackt11enormwardmovementofsouthemslaVes．Situatedin1976，j切阳栅PtracestheriseandfaUofasmallblackt0、vninOI(1ahoma．Itis“afictionalintervemionincontempora巧AmericanhiStoriogmphy’’(PeterWiddowson2313)．Sincepublished，P口m优蛇hasreceiVedVariouscriticisms．Itisregardedas“thestrangesta11dmost哪iqueoneofT0niMorrison’sworks’’and‘‘themostexcellentandmosti皿ovative、Ⅳ0rktillnowadays”(Zhul‰n20)．However’somecriticsthinkthelanguageisobscureanddimculttounderstand．Whatevertheresponseis，砌阳挑PcontinuestodelVeintotheblacks’eXperiencesandconveytheirmessagetotheworld．T0niMon．isonfindsherinspirationofthenovelinreadingthel9mcentll巧AmcanAmericaJlhisto巧thatrecordsblackslavesordescendantsneeingtheviolentaJldaw如lracismofthesouth．Morrisondecidestoe)【ploretheirmovementinhernovel．SheatfirstgavethenoVelthen锄e“Wrar'’，butacceptedherpublisher’sadViceandchangeditto“Paradise”．ItcanbetterreflectMo玎ison’sde印considerationofcons咖ctingacommun时(Zhu20)．砌m加Ptellsstoriesoft、Ⅳogroupsofpeopleinparallel．0neist11estoryofagroupofpureblackpeoplecalled8一rockswhoseskincolorisasblackasthedeepestcolorofrocks．SuⅡ色ring6．omracial2 万方数据M．A．ThesisInnDductiondiscriminationandsuppression，the8-rocksmoveawayf衲mthewhite-dominatedsocietyandwanderinordertofindmeirPromisedLand．Duringtheir骶k，meyareabusedanddeSpisedbyt11ewhitesandeventllelight—ski加edpeople．Theyflnallyrealizematitisnott11eirracebutsl(iIlcolort11atdecidestlleirpositioni11tIlesoCie够Therefore，8．roCksbuildana11．blacktowncalledRubyt11atiscoInpletelyisolatedf．romt11eo吣ideworldandcutofraIlycontactw池t11eⅥ血itesaIldli曲t-skiIlIledpeoplef研t11eybelieVeitisaperfectwaytoke印fi的mpersecution．HoweVer't11eirisolatiVeparadisegraduallydeclines．7Iheotllersto巧isabout也eConVentw“chisl7milesaway仔omRuby．Fivedispossessedwomenescape行omseXualandmcialabuseanddweUintheConvem．Theretheyfig扯againstpasttra切nasandfinallygainself-recognition．Theirunrestrainedcharacteristicsre丘eshtheConvemsothatitopensitsdoortoanyVisitorsdespiteofraceaJldsl(incolor．Inasense，tIleConventbecomesapeace如lparadiseforitswomenandre如gees．Sadly，thepatriarchsinR-ubybl锄etheircomJptiontothewomenintheConvem．ItisfinallyViolemlydismissed、Ⅳith似owomendead．TheRubyitesleanlatlaSttIlat“isolationl【illsgenerations’’(ToniMomson，凡砒P1133)．AnisolatiVecommuni够isdoomedtobeafailure．Byvirtueofmename“Paradise”，Momsonhintsthataparadiseisimpossiblewitllisolationandexclusion．ThereVelationisintensifiedbytheendofmenovel：inR_uby，peoplebegilltocontactwitht量1eoutsideworldandaCceptmodemt11ings；3 万方数据M．AThesisIntroiIuctionapositiVeandene玛eticco舢mmitycomesintobeing．Theendismorelil(eastatementWhichsho、vsMoHison’sattitudestowardsthepossibledeVelopmentoftheblacks．Separatenessandexclusionbringnohappinessbutst她皿ationanddegeneration：“thesepamtenessisalwaysapartofanyutopia．舢lparadises，allutopiasaredesignedbywhoisnmmerebyt11epeoplewhoarenotallo、Ⅳedin’’(JimLehrerl998)．Ift11eblackraCewaJltstomakeprogress，shebelieVes，itshouldopenitsdoor锄dwelcomeanychangesoutside．Anexiblead印tiontothechaIlgeableworldcaIlbringtlleblackraceatmeandlon分temdeVelopment．Anearthlyparadisebelongstoani11clusiVenationwhosepursuitofnowofdesireneVerstops．Because，切r以d缸PisMorrison’sfirstnovelsillceshewont11eNobelPrizeinLiterature，itspublicationat昀ctstremendousa_ttention．Sch01arsinte啪gateandanalyzethenoVel丘omV撕ousperspectiVes：race，histo吼gender，trauma，psychologyandsoon．Thestudyon砌阳沈，PisactiVeinweStemlitera巧field．Anumberofsch01arS，includingPeterWiddowson，R-obDaVidson，M啪iGauthier，ShirleyAnnStaVe，maJlaget0eXploretheworktIlI。ou曲hist耐cism．TheybelieVe砌M如PisamicrocosmofAmericallhisto哆MorrisonblendsherindiVidualViewintothemakingoft11esto巧withtheimenttoeXposetheliVingconditionoftheblacksasweUasAmericallsinpost-ciVilw札Inaddition，post．c010nialism，psychoanalysisa11dfeminismaret11e4 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntroductjonhottopicsinthediscussionofRz阳如P．H01lyFlin够印pliesFanon’stheoriestocar巧outhisresearchontheracialconniCtsinmenoVel．His‘‰r仉加P：BlackCultuI．alCitizenshipinAmerica”pr0VesthatinAmericancominent，blackcommunitiesandblacks钔．etllecoloniesandmecolollizedpeopleinwhitesupremacism(Flin锣21)．CandiceM．Jenkinsfocusesonclass，color'andinterracialp01iticsaIlddiscussesracialandgenderpmblemshiddenbehindthenoVel，concludingmatt11eso—calledparadiseRubyisadangert11ateⅪ培geratesmeiIldiVidualpleasurea11doVerlooksthesocialcons俪nta11dresponsibili够(Jenbns282)．ByadoptingFreud’stheo巧oftraumamemoqandJung’semphasisoftraumacomplex，J．BrooksBousongiVesapsychologicalanalysisoftheblacks’pain如lmemoriesofracismandwomen’ssu虢rancef．romf-锄ilyandsocietyand如rtherstudiesVariousinnuencesontheirliVes(Bouson7)．StephaJleR0bolindiVidesmemoriesinP口阳如Pinto衄eekmds：racememo辑classmemo巧aJldgendermemo哆Thet11reekindsofmemoriesimerlapaJldinte印1ayaJldt11enaltogetIlercreateIUby’stragedy(R0b01in21)．JustinTallyinterrogatesinthenoVeltheintimaterelationshipofmemory，sto巧andhisto巧andbelieVesthatthememo巧aIldst0巧playaniIIlportammleiIlt11ehistoricalnan_atiVe(Tally89)．硒chardL．SchurandCaLrolaHil衔chrespectiVelyinte盯ogateraceandgenderproblemsinmenoVel，andthereforeexplaint11e№gedyin勘m如8bydiscussillgtheseproblems．5 万方数据M．A．ThesisIn“oductionCriticsalso1iketoexploret11ememeofthenovel．In只∥饿加P，Morrisonhi曲lightstheimportanceofintegrationandgivesasilemcritiCismtotheblacks’deliberateisolation舶mthewhiteworld．InPhilipPage’s“FurrowingalltheBrows：Inte巾retationaJldtheTr彻scendentin1’oniMorrison’s尸口m如P”，hecarefhllystudiesMorrison’smethodsoftellingasto珥ThenoVel，lil(eherotherworks，discusseswhytheparadisec01l印sesandhowtheintegrationcaJlworkinthedeVel叩mentoftheblackrace(Page637)．Althou曲，切m栅8waspublishedinasearlyas1998，thestudyinChinaisnotpopularuntil2002whenW-angJinpingpostedthefirstcriticalessay“AnAnalysisofJP绷如P’sNa删iVePa仕ems”．Wallga玛uesthatthemultidimensionalandnon-linealarrangementandjumpingspecialstmcturedisplaystheauthor’s铲eate行orts．Morrisondoesnotfixhereyeson“indiViduals’problemsbutthe1iVingconditionsanddeVel叩mentofthewh01ehumanbeings’’(Wang589)．Besides，itsthemeisanotheraspecttobecare如1lystudied．ZhallgRuwenpointsoutthatthecon如si明ofpeopleinRubycomes仔omtheiris01ationandselfreclusion，‘‘separatingf而mtheoutsidemeansnotonlytore如seanywhitetoenterR-ubybutalsokeeptheto、Vn仔omanythingnewandanypossibili够ofdeVelopingfort11eblackrace’’(Zhang72)．Broadlyspeaking，before2005，thereislittlecriticismabout凡zmd缸P．In2005，}IuⅥlnhuantr锄slatedPcz朋如PintoChineseand6 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntroductionpublished．Fromthenonscholarsa11dspecialiStsbecomeimerestediIlthenovelandthediscussionisgIaduaUywidespread．FengPingandZhuRor画ietake0venasthesymbolofRllby’sllisto巧a11d如rcherelaboratetlledifl’erentattitudesofmenaJldwoInentowards11isto巧(Feng&Zhu91)．阮砌，2is，iIlW2mgQiaIlalldCaiⅥqun’sessay，aIlallegoⅨ“twogenerationsofA衔callAmericaIlsdre锄tobuildamythicEdenwtlichtumsoutt0betraJlsito巧”(W抽g&Cai241)．ZhangPeipeia11dXiaoLameia蝎llethatConnie，themaincharacterint11e110Vel，isiIlc锄ationofChristJesus．Themostconcemedissueinj’以md凼Pist11eproblemoftra【umaa11dmemory．ZengNaaJldZhuYunfindt11atthepainfhlpastexperienceleaVesaIlimprintinbotll8-rockf．amiliesaIldtllewomeninmeConVentand伊eatlyinnuencesmeirlater1ife．TheirmiserablememoriesjoinnyexpressMorrison’ssyInpa吐1ytoblacks’dilemmas．ZhaoLihuaandChenMeinae瑚lphasizeracismandsexismintllenovel．ThefomerpoiIltStllat砌，积凼PactuallyqueStionsc010rpoliticsandthelatterbelieveswhatTbniMorrisonwantstodoisdispr0VepatriarchyaIldencourageaIldrogynyt11atisahamoniouscombinationofmaleandfIemale．Reg砌1essofthefactt11atitisonly15yeaurssillce砌阳如PhaSbeenpublished，criticismofthenoVeleme唱esandspreadsquickly．WhilethetopicsVary，mereislittlemscussionaboutnowofdesirein7 万方数据MA．ThesisIntroduction砌阳疏汜FlowofdesireisanimportantconceptinDeleuzeandGuatt撕’sspacetheo巧．Intheirspacemeo吼GillesDeleuzeandFelixGu甜撕giVemeirStrongsupporttomeconc印tofnow．TheybelieVethatflowisthepowerwhichpushesmeworldfonⅣa谢a11dgeneratesspacesofdi毹rencea11dthereforelife．TherepressionofnowofdesireisinadVisableandthereleaseofflowofdesireforrenewalisalwaysthekey．Inthissense，TbniMo币son’sP口阳如ecanbeagoodlitera巧ex锄pletoill啪inateDeleuzea11dGuatt撕’smeoⅨSomethesisendeaVorstoadoptDeleuZeaJldGua牡ari’sspacetheo巧todiscussthenowpresentedinthenovel．GillesDeleuzeisafamousFrenchphilosopher．Hepreferstocollaboratewithotllers．However’collaborationisnot“tocommunicateopinionsorexchaJlgeideas’’ramer‘‘transfIo册atomanactofcreativede-personalisation”(GillV-alentineeta1．141)．Heundertakesthree-decadec011aborationwimFelixGuattariwhoisaradicalpsychoanalystaJldinstitutionalschizoanalyst．W油thebelieft11atp11ilosophersareresponsibleforcreatingconcepts，thetwophilos叩herScontributetothere—conc印tualisationofSpaceandtime．Theirbookssuchas彳玎班晚却姗2，彳砌D螂口蒯砌加淞3，肠讲凼m如s咖?welldeVelopspatialawarenessanddisclosege叩hilosophy：DeleuzeaIldGuattariput内nⅣardtheirspacetheo巧firstwi廿1t11ei11ustrationofthethreesocialregimesorthet11reegeospatialmodelsof8 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntroductiontheinscriptionofthenowsofdesireupont11eSurf．aceorbodyoftheearm：theterritorialfomationwhichcodest11enowsofproductionanddesiredirectlyontllebodyoftheearm；thedespoticfomationwhichirmptsintoandtakesovert11ete盯itorialf．onnationandovercodest11eflowsandpotentialsoftheearlierfonnationalldreinVeststllemintllebodyofmedespotaIldmeaccornpaI]lyingappara_tusofmestate；mec印itaIiStfomlationwhich，f缸f}omcodingoroVercodiIlg，iIldulgesi11aVaStoperationofdecodinganddetemtoriali2-ation，settillgfkeallt11ecode铲_ofmoney，oflabor，ofdesire—-iIlat11reattoblowmesociusapart．ThatthisdoesnothappenisbecausehaVingachieVedauIliVerSalfbnnofexchange，itmenreterritorializeS-j‘institutesorrestoresallsortsofresidualandanificial，imagina吼orsymbolicterTitorialities”(GillesDeleuze&FelixGuattari，彳门班aB却淞l2)suchasstates，nati咖sorf．锄ilies：ThereisthetwofoldmoVementofdecodingordetemt耐alizingnows0nⅡ1eonehand，andt11eirVi01enta11dartificialrete而torializationontheotller．ThemorethecapitalistmachinedeteI订torializes，decodingandaXiomatizingnowsinordertoextractsurplusValuesf．romthem，themoreitsa11cilla巧印paratuses，suchasgoVemmentbureaucr乏lciesandtllef．orcesof1awa11dorder，domeir9 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntroductionutmosttoreteHitorialize，absorbingintheprocessofa1argerandla玛ershareofsu印lusValue．(Deleuze&Gua_ttad，彳”疠傀啦，螂34—5)Inthefonnationofthesesocialregimesand戗1e虹a11sformation仔omoneregimetoanother，theconceptofnowisalwaysmekeything．AccordingtoDeleuzeandGuatt嘶，nowisdesire．Flowofdesire，0rasDeleuzeandGuattaricallit，thedesiringmachine，hasbeenr印ressedinoursocietythrought11emechanismoft11eOedipuscomplex4．TheOedipaltriadinstitutesastmctureofauthorityandblockagethatoperatesnotonlyinthef．amily，butt11roughmefamilyattheleVelofsocie够ingeneral．UnlikeFreud、Ⅳhohasf'ailedtcIseetheintimateconnectionbetweentheproductionofdesireandsocialproductioninitswidestsense，DeleuzeandGuattariretrieVethisrelation缸oughthe“bodywithouto唱a11s”whichconstitutest11esocialbodytowhichdesireattachesitselfinamoVementofcouplinganddisj吼ction，aswellastheunseenbodyof‘‘capitalasapmliferatingbody，moneythatproducesmoremoney”，andeVenthetotalityoftheearthitsel￡aVast“surfacefort}1erecordingoft11eentireprocessofpro(1uctionofdesire”(Deleuze&Guattari，彳船痞。啦螂11)．Desireflows1aterallyaCcordingtopointsofdiSjunctionandzonesofintensit)，onthe鲥dsofthisegg—likesurface．The“subject”，locatedatthemargin，is“producedasamereresiduum”(Deleuze&Guattari，410 万方数据M．A．T11esisIn仃Dduction刃2D驸册d尸肠据口螂260，201)oft11eprocessesofthedesirmgmachines，t11enomadico低hootofstriatedmentalSpacesandoftllebodydefinedaslongitudeaIldlatitude：‘‘IndiVidualorgroup，、Ⅳeare仃aVersedby1访es，meridians，geodesics，tropics，andzonesmarchillgtodi任-erentbeatsaIlddi髓ringinnanlre”(Deleuze＆Gllattari，么砀D搬口玎d尸肠翮珊2觚2删．111us，desireisasocialra廿1ermalla11砌iVidualproduct；itpeHneates恤in6．aj栅ctI】I．eofsociebF—apositiont11atDeleuzeandGuatt撕canholdbecausetheyhaVealreadys印arateddesire矗omthesubjectbydefiniIlgsexuali够aS“melibimnalunconsciousofpoliticaleconomy”(Deleuze&Gua仕ari，彳，z小(毙却淞30)，amoVematopensupnewpossibilitiesfortIleanalysisofthedyn锄icsofdesireinthesocialfield．R丑．cisma11dsexismareperhapsmebeStexamplesthrou曲whichwecaJlimmediatelygraspthefomofdesire，anditsantitllesis，repulsion，asasocialproduction：‘‘thusf．antasyisneVerindiVidual：itisgroupf．antasy，’(Deleuze&Guattari，彳，2mo泖搬30)．InDeleuzeandGuattari’sworld，nowisthebasisforallexistences．Theprocessoflifeitselfis矗mdamentaUyoneofendless“changingspacesaIldmoVememgeneratingsocialspace’’(RussellWbStPaVlov5175)．WhilemesocialnoHnof“settleness”labelsmobilityasinferiorityaIldforei掣mess，t11etlleo科ofnowseesitast11eprima巧stateofeVe巧t11ing．Altllou曲也estateofnowisconst舭tiIltheprocessoflife，nowcallnotbeaimless．nisdriVenandstimulatedbydesire．Inherent11 万方数据M．A．Thesislnn劬ductiondesiredecidesthenow’sdirectionandt11us“pullingbeingstowardseachotller，generatingcollIlections”．RusselWeSt-Pavlovinte印retsthat“assoonastwoelementsorbeingsfomlacomlection，ate币toriali哆isfomled”(PavloV179)．BeforegiVingthedefinitionoftemtoriali饥DeleuzeandGua伉arifirStexplainwhat‘‘ten．e’’is．Priortoa11yh啪aIlactivitiesintIleworld，thereisstill“earth”(“terre”)．Eanhissomethingmatisinthestateofendlessnow．Graduallythesociet)，decidestoimposeitsorderont11eenVironment，sotllepristine“eartll’’istraJlsfomedint0‘‘ground’’(‘‘sol’’)．Tlleprocessthatmediatesbe铆een‘‘eanh’’and‘‘groulld’’isnamedbyDeleuzeandGuatt撕as“te仃itorialization”．Therefore，c011nectionsbegintheprocessof“territ耐alization”．SinCeflowneverstops，、vhenthepresencefailsto如lflllthedesire，theflowstartsagainand也eexistencetriestoregenerateandrenewitspresemstate．Thatishowdete仃itorializationcomesintobeing．Dete而torializationmeansto‘、akethecontrolandordertoaway丘oma1andorplace(territo巧)thatisalreadyestablished”∞id-)．Ito髓rSthepossibili够of“escaping舶mwhatorwhere‘one’is，intheperspectiVeofbeing‘a11otller⋯(Ibid．)．Inomer、vords，deterritorializationaimstobreakuptheopposedtiesa11dredefinethepresentstatus．InⅡlepmcessofdeterritorialization，whenthedeterritorializationisfinished，thepresencecanbedisorderedandr00tless．Sobeingsmustre—constrIJct“theexistentialfabricithastomapa一’12 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntn)duction(Ibid．)，whichiscalled“rete玎it嘶alization”．“Theretemtorializationsseeki11t11epaStarenewed‘spiritofplace’formepresent'’(Ibid．)．Itismeconstnlctionofate玎ito巧mathaSexperiencedadcterritorializationand也edesigIlofanewpoweraJldthemakingofordersinthenewlyestabliShedterrit0】了DeleuzeandG蜘seem】m鹏s也ataregeneratedinthe“一1ization’’processaS“constallta11deVe巧wherelatentpotential’’(Deleuze＆Guttam，4砀D姗册d砌翮淞223)．Theco衄ectionisfomedthrou曲linesofni曲tdefinedbythemasnotoIdythelinesofescapingbutalsotheJinesofregenerating．Theubiquitouslinesofni曲tcan‘‘eme唱eatthesmallestandmost舶quentmicr0一leVelsofe妇s右ence’’(Ibid．)．Theyarefmlof1ifeforceandtheprimestaleofdeterritorialization：Linesofni曲tarelineswMchleadaway丘omthecemeredsiteofgaZeandoutoftheorderedpictI_1re．LinesofnightareVectorswhichleadovertllehorizon，towardsmatwhichc咖otyetberepresented．Theyareesc印eroutesoutofthecageofcodification——codificationofsocialpractice，rulesofbehavior，modesoftIlou曲t，aXiomaticphilosopllies．(Pavlov202)DeleuzeaJldGuat撕employthephraSe‘‘lineofni曲t’’todesc曲e13 万方数据M．A．ThesisIntroductionthemoVementof“breakingthestabilityandstaticstatesoastomakebeingsexposedtomeoutside’’(PaVloV202)．Consequently，beingscaIlmakenewcombinationsandrenewtheirstates．Linesofnighttakeusf如monesiteofintensitytoanother，“thusincitingapemlanentstateofcreatiVetransfomationwhichissubjectiv时inits呐estate’’(Pavlov201)．Whentheintens埘isatacertailldegree，beingscanbreal(throu曲thete州toUthrou曲t11elinesofni出aJldenteranewte玎it0够TbniMorriosn’s砌阳咖PisaJloutStandinglitera科exanlpletoilluminateDeleuzeandGuattari’sspacet11e0Iy．8．rocksandthewomenintheConVenthaVebeencodifiedasinferiorblacksorweakwomen，bothofwhoaresocialoutcasts．ThediscriminationsuffocatesthemsomuchthattheyareforbiddentoachieVe仔eedomandequali够Theirdesireforself-realizationandself-liberationasindividualsisrepressedbythehoStilesocialcodification，ormoreexplicitly，thepracticeofraIcismaJldsexism．Inordertomlfillmeirdesireforliberation，orthedesireoffloW，inDeleuzeand(ha位ari’sconcept，the铆ogroupstakeacollectiveesc印etodemonstrateⅡ1eirsmashingthechainsof仃aditionalprqudices．Theconst九JctionofRubytownaJldtheConventistheevidenceoftheirsuccess如ldeterritorializationofracismorsexism．HoweVer．thetwocommunitieshaVedi师．erentstoriesofdeVelopment．Thep撕archsintheRubydisallowt11eexchangewitllotherracesa11dclanabsoluteexclusiVityandthesuperiorityofpureblackrace．Insuchawaythe14 万方数据M．A．ThesjsIntroductiOnresidentsfinditdimcultin毹elyexpressingtheirV0ices．nisbecausetheFadlers’rete玎itorilizationconti姗etostript11edwellers’deshforliberation也at也emeant-to-be—a-pafadisetowngoestocollapse．Ont11ec锄tra彤meConVentdoesnotcon矗netoanymles．InStead，mewomenwelcoIneheterogene毋andnmltiplici劬neVerwo玎iedaboutmeinfluence6．omtheoutsideworld．Theirdesireforself-recognition，ormedesireofnow，isgreatly如lfilled．Thereforemewomenbecome1inesofflightthatarelifeforce，whichbringsVital毋tot11eConVent．FmmaperspectiveofGillesDeleuzeandFelixGuan撕’sspacet圭1eoⅨitissiglliflcantineXploringMo玎ison’semphasisont11ereleaseoftllenowofdesireforindiViduali锣andself-renewal．FlowisthebasicS协teofallexistencesandthedriVeforceoflife．Itis、ⅣrongtodeterthenaturalcourSeoffloworsuppressthepursuitofflowofdesire．Asmesto巧oftheRubytownin砌r饿加Ptells，tlled印ressionofindiVidualdesire，orexclusiV时toflow，bringsonlyinanition．Morrisonen叩loysthenoVeltotellherreaders，especiallyblackreadersmatmeprosperi够oft}leblauckracecomes矗omtlleintegrationwimomerracesbutnotselfclosure．When让leideaissetint11eglobalbackgmund，itisalsoproVokjIlgaJldhelp血1．Sinceflowis廿le骶ndofmeglobalized、vorld，itiswelcomedthatflowofdesireisgreatlyreleased趾d如1filled．Afterall，1ifecomesoutofme如1fillmentofnowofdesireaIld廿lereforeanenergetic、vorldcaIldeVelopoutoflife．15 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter1ChapterInIeF10winRubyTb帅TheFlowinRubyTownInDeleuzeandGuattari’sspacetheoⅨflow，ornowofdesireisthekeyminginthefonllationofthesocialregimesandthetransfomation行omonetoaIlomer．Thet硎torialcodesmenowsofdesiredirectly0ntothebodyoftheeanh；t11edespotictakesoverthete仃itorialandovercodestheflows；thec印italistdecodesa11ddeterritorializesthecodesofflow’andtheninstitLlteseVermoreanificial，archaicandresidualneo—codificationsandneo—territorializations_一institutionsandaxioms，rulesandprotocols．Asaforcewhichallthesocialfonnationst巧tocodeorinscribe，flowornowofdesireisadrivingforce、Ⅳhichmakesthetransition矗omonesegmenttoanotherhappen．Ittraversesthebound撕esofsegments，decodinga11ddete耐torializing，althoughatlast，itwillbecodedagain，butintoanewteHitoⅨwhichiscalledreterritorialization．InthepmcessofbuildingRubytown，thereisalsosuchal(indofnow，adesirefortheblack’sreal骶edomandequal咄whichdecodesanddetemtorializesthesegmentofwhiteracism，andlaterretetmtodalizesitselfintoablackpa仃iarchal16 万方数据M．A．Thesisspace．1．1DeterritorializingWhiteSupremacismch印terlTheF】owinRubyTownDeleuzeaIldGuatt赫’sspacemeo巧believesthata11e)(istencesaredividedimosegments．Inotherwords，mewoddisbiIla巧sillceeVeVtllingisclaSsified缸otwoex骶mepoles．Thete币toriesarecle砌ycut甜1ddividedsomatsociale)【istencesareconfinedtosegments．The8一rocks，thefoundiIlgfamersofRubyinMorrison’sP口m‘洳g，aresufrocatI：dint11eracialsegmentsbecauseof也eirpure．blackSkillcolor．Theirnow，ormeirdesirefor宜eedomandequali够isrepressedbyt11ehostileI．acism．InToniM嘶son’sdescription，8-rocl(sareaIlexcellentgroupamongt11eblacks．Theyarebeautimlpeople：“taUandgracenJl，withclearandwideeyes”(Momson，凡I煳威犯122)．Theirsl(inofpurestblaCkcolore锄sthename‘‘8一rock’’t11atmeans‘‘ade印deeplevelinthecoalmines”(Mo玎ison，心煳诫孵l22)，moreoVerbecomestheirpride．WhentheReVerendMjsnercomestot11et0、ⅣIl，heimmediatelyrealizesmat8‘rocksaredi髓rent矗omotherblackS：“alloft11emwerehandsome，someexc印tionallyso”，“coalblack，a咖舐c，wimnonco衄ittaleyes’’(Morrison，A”饥加P101)．TheyusedtoplayaniⅡlporrtantr01einthesocie够11lreeof廿1eirancestorsare“electedtomleinstatelegislamresandcountyomce”(Morrison，心阳拙P122)．Unfonunately，t11eirdecem17 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh即terlTheFlowinRubyTown1ifecomestoanendaRertheciVilwar．B1ackgoVemorsarefiredfornoreasonsandreducetopoVertyassweepersorfamers．Despiteoftheircontributiontotllereconstnlctionofthecount吼theirhardworkdoesnotpayo氲Instead，theyaredriVenoutofthemainstreamsocie够The8-rocks’ancestorsliVe“fiReenyearsofbeggingforsweatworkincotton，lumberorrice”(Morrison，忍m如e122)．Atfirst，theirancestorsarebamedthatwhytheirsituationisnobetterthallt11atofslavessincetheyhaveliVedandsacrificedfort11eco咖t巧for150years．The8-rocks铲aduallyrealize廿1atitistlleirsl(incolorthatbringstheir，misfortunes：“theoneandonlyfeaturethatdiStinguishedthem仔omtheirNegr0peers’’(Morrison，砌r谢缸P123)．Theirskincolortumstobeaburdenorevenash锄etothecommuni够Hard、Vorkingtheyare，theyarelookeddownupon．Dis印pointedandheartbroken，theirancestors“tooktIlathistoⅨthoseyears，eachotherandtheirincomJptiblewonhinesstothe‘run’”(Mo玎ison，，切阳以馏123)．Themoretheflowofdesireisrestrained．themorethesocialexistenceswanttos吼f沁ethecodeofdesirebydeterritorializmgthesocialsegments．Forthe8一rocks，whenwhitesupremacismdepriVesthemoftherightof舶edomandequali吼theysmashthechamsoftradintionalcodificationsandesc印ef而mtheracialsocie够tofindtheirPromisedLand．The“run”decodesmeflowofdesireandthenreleasestheirdesirefor行eedom．Leadingbyzechariall，onehundreda11dfi眵eight骶edmen18 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印terlllleF10winRubyTowncrossMississippi，LouisiaIlaa11d0l(1ahoma．Thejoumeyisalongandsu翁Fe血gone．Theyare‘‘uIlWelcomedoneach铲aillofsoil舶mY犯ootoFortSIllitll”(Morrison，砌阳如87)．T11eyoncetal(eitfor舯ntedt11atallblacbaremes锄e．HoweVer，a&rbeing“tullledawaybyrichChoc协vandpoorw11ites，ch2Lsedbyyarddogs，jeeredatbyc锄1pprostitutes舭1dt11eircMldren’’(Morrison，Pl绷如P7)，meyfoulldmemselVesu11preparedfor恤huIniliation舶malready-builtNe鲫towns．TIle鼬isthat8-rocl(Saurenot011lycodifiedbythewhitemenbutbymelight-ski衄edpeople．Theslogan‘‘Comepreparedornotatall”claimedbyt11esetowns啪st11epoorgroupnottoenteralthou曲meyareassmart，strongandcapableast11eirblackpeersare．TheycaJlnothelpaskingeachotlleraIldthemselves‘‘us仃eeliketllem；wasslaVeliket11em．Whatforismisdi舵rence?’’(Morrison，砌阳如P7)．Fortengenerationstheyusedt0believethatt11esocialdivisionwasmarkedby“仃eeagainstslaVeandrichagainStpoorandoccasionallywrhiteagainStblack’’(Mo玎ison，凡z阳如P123)．Never吐leless，iIlfact，thereisadi仃．erencelyingi11tIlemindsofpeople．Ift11eydarednottoadIIlitwhentheywere“VenoutofmegoVemmentandcouldnotfindaI]【ydecentjobsaRerciVilw虬theycannowbraVelyspeakaloudtIledifjl’erencesiIlceitwasof“seriousconseqlJence’’(Morrison，砌阳如P123)．111eaJlswerismeirsl【incolor、Ⅳhichbmgs‘‘anewseparation：light·ski彻edagainstblack，’(Momson，只口阳dbe123)．ThepureblaCkcolorⅡlatsignedracialpuri够andgave 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlnleFlowinRubyT0wnthempridenow“hadbecomeastain’’(Morrison，月口，．口掘8123)，astaintheywouldneVermbomTheall-blachessmarkstheirinferiori劬preVentingthem丘ombeingacc印tedbyotherli曲t-skiruledgroups，Ietalonesettledo、vn．111erejectionort11eDisallowinggivesablowandaJlalamtoZechariahandother仔eedlllen．Insteadofdre帅ingofgettingalongw汕Negmes，theydecidetobuildtheirownto、Ⅳn．‘‘Becomingsti伟玛prouderwitheachmisfonune”，they‘‘alteredmeirroutea11dmadetheirwaywestoftheunassiglledlands’’(Morrison，只口阳比馏7)．MamiGautlliercomparestheirni曲ttoExodusinBible．Byelaboratingt11enonllwestemexodus，MomsonViVidlydemonstratest11econditionsofA衔canAme“cansinU．S．histo巧ofwestemmigration(Gautllier397)．0nthejoumey，theyeattrash，sleepa聊vhereandwearsloVenly．Thetough协ekdiminishesthenumberofits仃aVelerS仔omonehundredandfi衄一eiglltt0onlyseVenty-nine．111erestke印onwall(ing，l(nowingnotwheretogo．HereTbniMo耐sonissoingeniousthatsheweaVesthebiblicalmytllimomeculturalhisto巧ofmebIacks．Zechariah，aswhathisn锄erevealed，likeadiscipleofGod，managestogetcontactwithGodwhentheyareattheirwits’end．EVentuallyGodcomestorescue，senmnghismessenger，a11dleadsthemtofindtheirPromisedLalld．Itisanidealplacewhichsignalsluxu旷‘‘anamplitudeofsoulandstaturet11atwas矗．eedom、vitlloutbordersa11dwimoutdeepmenacingwoodswhereenemiescould20 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlTheFlowlnRubyT0wnhide’’(MoHison，心阳出e62)．Oldf拙erssettledoWnandbuildatownwitllt11eirhallds．IIlordert0expfesst11eir铲athdet0God，t11etowniscalled‘‘HaVen”Ⅵ惋chistal【en舶m“Heaven”．Atmes锄etime，thenamee埘【bodiesOldFathers’bestwishes；thatis，togetridofdiscri血nationandbuildane2Lrthlyparadiseoft11eirown．TheirhardShiponttletrekteaches让le01dFamersalesson：“beingalonewausbe堍dead，’(M0rrison，心刎bP8)．Inordertoprotecttheirtown，meyshouldstaytogetller，worktogemera11dliVetogemer．Sot11eydo．“TheywereproudtllatnoneofttleirwomenhadeverworkedinaWhiteman’sl(itchenor肌rsedaw11itechild”(Morrison，砌阳挑P63)．T0them，ther印eofwomenwhoworkm、Ⅳ：hitekitchenisagreatpossibili吼Acommuni够kitchenisnecessarytoaVoidtllatdaIlger．Itist11ethoughtthatdrivesmemtomakeacookovenassoonast11e1andisf．ound．Ⅳ【0re协anacooktool，t11e0venisaloyal丹iendtome8-rocks．Itbecomesmeirf．aVoritereson．They“gatlleredfortalk，forsocietyandt|lecomfortofhotgame’’(Morrison，凡融P7)．“WheneVerliVestoCkwasslau曲ltered，or、Vhenthetasteforunsmokedgamewashigh”(MoHison，砌m咖P8)，HaVenpeoplebmgthe虹lltotheOVen，sometimes如ssingandquamlmgabout“seasonmgsaIldt11eproperteStfor‘done”’(Mo玎ison，n础加P8)．A脑叫oying‘‘tllebigdillIler’’，meydonot岫toleaVe．Instead，“theystayedtogossip，complain，roarwitlllaughteranddrilll(wall【ingco僚eint王1eshadeofmeeaVes”(Morrison，砌阳咖g8)．21 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlTheFlowinRubyT0wnThe0venwitnessest11e8一rocks’generosi饥mutualhelp，leisureaJldmostlyEdenic1ife．ItbecomesasymbolofHavenaJlditshisto珥WhentheHaVenpeoplehaVetoabaIldontlletown，theytal(emeOVen、viththeirluggagewithoutanyhesitation．Disallo、vedbywhitesand1ight-sl(irⅡledNegroes，01dFatllersdisallowmeminHaven．Thereisnosignofwhitesor1ight—skinnedblacks．Only8-rock‰ilies．Is01atedandclosed，Havenhas恤iVedf．0ralongtime．HoweVer，theirh印pylifedoesnotlast10ng．Havenhasdegenerated舶m‘‘adreamtoWn”to‘‘a曲os仕own”(Morrison，P口阳如P2)．Itis向1lofweed—chokedgcreets，abandonedschoolhouseandshabby10dgings．Thenumberofcitizenshasdroppeddramatically仔omonet110usandinl905tofivehundredin1934．thenf．romtwohundredtoei曲够“asco怕ncollapsedorrailroadcompaJlies1aidtheirtrackeVe巧where’’(Mo仃ison，砌md缸82)．WhitespeculatorstakeadVantageoft11eirpoVertyandoccupytheirlalldswi也a1ittleo舵曲gsinceblaCkscanIlotmakealiVingandareeagertotakeadVemuresoutside．HaVingwitllessedt11epastglo巧ofHaVenandloVingwhatitusedtobe，Zechariall’s留andsons，theMorgantwinbrothersalongwialothervete啪s，whoretulm仔om龇my，arereluctanttolett11etowndie．TheymakeuptheirmindtobuildarlotllerHaven．Withnodimcul劬theypersuadetherestcitizenstopackupaJldcarqoutanothermoVement．111eybreakupt11eOVen，loaditint0tmcks，t描ngtheirbeds，f．amilies 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterIneF10winRubyTownandcar巧ingtlleirdreamsofrepeating、vhatmeiroldf．atllershaddone．FiReen伽nilieswau(deeperintoOklahomaaSf打astlleycanfindadesolatedplacewhichseemstotllemcanpreVentmem丘。ombeiI培innuenced．TheyliVeintheirwagons，cookmealint11e叩enandcutsodandmesquiteforShelterwhiletIleirfirstworkist0constnJcttlleoVenwitllgreatstren咖．N锄ingmenewt0啪isindiscussion．Theydisa铲eeanyn锄esⅥ柚chspeak“offailureorrepeated”(Mo玎ison，P(I阳d妇P9)．Then锄eisnotsetuIItilawomannamedRuby，diedofdiseasebecauseoft11erejectionofmewhites’hospitals．111etoWnisnanledafterthewomall．ThenamingissignificantinnotoIllymemorizingmefirstdeadwomanmthetown，butmoreimpon；眦tlyremindingt11eirresidemsoft11ehaz删ofracism．ItisadestinythatgenerationsofblacksstriVeunsuccessmllytoesc印e(Y弧gHo心u235)．rnle8一rocksc跗ytheirsh锄emlexperiencelil【e“abulletinthebrain”(Morrison，心阳如P3)．Itdirectlyleadst0I沁by’stotalseparatism．TheconstructionofHaVena11dlaterofR．ubytestifiesDeleuzeandGuatt撕’semphasisondeterritorialization．Theydeemdeterritorializationasamovementwhichsetsf．reeallt11ecodeswima岫attoblowmesocius印a丸Thefoundmgf-atllers’esc印e丘．omthewhites’societybreaksthecodesimposedonthem—_thecodeofcolorsl(in，of缸．eedom，ofdesirea11dmereforereleasetheirrepressedsel￡In彳刀防(≯P讲淞，DeleuZeand23 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlnIeFlowinRubyTo啪Guatt嘶a硌ue‘‘theprimefunctionincumbentonsocius，hasalwaysbeentocodi黟thenowsofdesire，traIlscribethem，torecordt11em，toseet0itt11atnoflowexiststhatisnotproperIydamedup，channeled，regulated，’(Deleuze&Gu舭曲，彳珂痔印砌螂178)．Su腩red舶mracialdiscrimination，tIle8一rock‰iliesdesiretoescapef№mthewhitesociety．111atis、vhyt11ey，againstaUtheodds，nowaCrossmeAmericancominentfortwotimesandconsmJctatownonceagain．Theirfearlessescapeandfi咖beliefofconstmctingaJlall-b】ackto、vIlclaimstheirdeterritorialiZationofwhitesupremacism．RusselWest-PavloVcomprehendsdeterritorializationasaresistancetocodificationsinceitfollowstheflowsandundulationsofbeingsrathert11a11submittingtosocialinstitutions(Momson，Pa阳以，P201)．Inanotherwords，ittriestoshakeofrbiasedsocialjudgmemandt11enrede矗nesitselfbyVinueofmerealizationoftlleflowofdesire．8一rockfamilies，despiteoftheirlaboriousworkofmakingagreatAmericaaseX-slaves，ex-govemorsandex-buildersforoVer150years，areinscribedasoutcasts．I耐tatedanddis叩pointed，theygetridofaHthe‘‘ex一”titlesaIldwanderinordertofindtheirPromisedLand．TheypainmllybutstimyfoundHaVenandlaterRuby，whichpower如1lydeclarestheirredefinitionas舭edmen．1．2ReterritorializingtoaPatriarchicSpaceW11ilet11edesireflowslatemllyaCcordingtopointsofdisjunCtion24 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlTheFlowjnRubyT0wnandzonesofintensi够onthegridsoftheegg-likeSurf．ace，1c11eboundariesofthesegmentsare仃aversed，甜ldthecodesofdesirerepressedatfirstnowaresetf．ree，a11deVenina白em可ofderegulationmatttlreatenstoblowthesocius印an．Butthisdoesnoth印penbecausetllenowiscodedagain．IIl砌，．谢西e，misprocessofrecodingcaIlbef．0und．The8一mck‰iliesunleaSht11emselVesf．romWhite—centeredsocietyduring也eirescapeandbegiIltoinstituteanimagina哕paradise、Vheremeycanbetheonlyresidentssince也etownhasbeenbuilt．Thepatriarchs，asself二appo缸edleadersofnletown，managet0makeordersandtakeeVe巧thingundertheircontrol，consciouslyorunconsciouslyconVeningthetownimoapatriarcllicspaCe．WhatthetengenerationshaVe1e锄ed丘．omthetrekismat“ift11eystayedtogether'worked，prayedaJlddefended’’(Morrison，n阳以，e71)，theywouldneVerbedriVenoutoftownoVemi曲t．SoifpeoplecaJl眦iteas0ne，eVe巧thjngiIlRubycallbeuntouchedeVenthou曲whippillgs，murdersarlddepopulationspreadiIlo也ertowns．TheMbrganbromers，aS血e1eadersofR-uby，detenninetobringbaucktlleparadise-likelifetotheircitizellS．HaVingwi乜1essedOldFatIlers’stmg西e，t11eyfigureoutitSsigni矗callcea11dt11ent出∞measurest0bondt11eircitizensata11costs．Thehjsto巧ofRubyiskindofm灿to也eNewFathers，astheycalledmemselVes．Wrllenaschildren，meyheardforyearswhatmademeirtown．“They1istenedto，imagilleda11drememberedeve巧single25 万方数据M．A．nlesisCh印terlnIeF10winRubyTownt11ingbecauseeachdeta订wasajoltofpleasure，eroticasadream，out-tmllingandmorepu印oseml”(Morrison，Pcz阳统，88)．Theyenjoynotonlyrecallingmestoriesbutalsoinsistentlyrepeatingmemtotheyoung．“Theirinte印retationoftheirhisto巧andt11eirsacredroleinthat11isto叫generatedtheiride0109yof廿1equestforhomeandfi℃edom”(PhilipPage638)．T0niMorrison’smagicismllyshowninponrayingthehisto巧atthatperiod．Theyregardtllelandast11eirPromisedLalldwhiChisassignedbyGodwhosendshisdisciplinetohelp．Theirfimbeliefcanbeinferredf}omthetown’sn姗e“Haven”，evolvedf而m‘‘Heaven”．GodisontheirsidesoHaVencouldthriVeforyearswhenotherNe铲ot0、vnsdied．Ruby，thecontinuanceofHaVen，isprotectedbyGod，too．For铆entyyears，thereisnodeathinthetown．‘‘TheyarerealproudaboutthatbelieVingt11eyareblessedanda11becauseaRer1953aI]Iybo(1ywhodieddiditinEuropeorKoreaorsomeplaceoutsidethistown”(Mo埘son，f切m以始125)．EVenSweetie’schildren，t11eseVerelydefomedchildren，arestillaliVe．I沁gerBest，amanwhosebusinessisdriVingahearse，c锄otmakealiVing．HisrenterDeekMo唱anconfidentlyforeseesthat‘‘notenou曲hospitalormortlJa巧businessaroundherejusti矽thatove印ricedbuggyheg“’(Morrison，砌阳dbP67)．‘‘尸口，删括eexploresthewaythat鼬sareconstituted，maintained，andsubjugatedintheprocessofm矿hologizinghisto巧’’(M锄iGaumier396)．1'0someextent，Inysti矽ingthesto叮ofbuildingtheirtownisatool26 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlllleFlOwinRubyT0wntorelieVe8一rocl(s舶mthepainfulexperiences．MorrisonwantstodemonstrateinherworkA伍caIlAmericallbeliefinChriSti狮i锣aJldtheir缸liliari够wimt11eBible．TheycomfortthemselVes也atitisbecauSemeyarethechosenpeopleofGod也attheyhavet0undergot11ehumiliatiIlgDisallowiIlg．Theirracialpuri吼onceastamtot11em，nowbecomesatokenofGod’sbless．Thesedevoutfollowerscutoffmecorulectionwitllthewh“esaJldlight—s妯IlIledpeoplesillcet11eyarei11deedmesuperiorraceaccordingtoGod’swill．Themo№caⅣedon血eoVen“BewaremeFurrowsofHisBrows’’tums叫ttobeat11reattot王10sewhodespiset11em．Thebelievers“haddeniedeachothernotlling，bowedtonoone，kneltomyto也eirMaker，’(Momson，f切阳栅P63)．InordertoadVocateGod’sspirits，schoolpr0舻lIIlofmeN撕V时isannuallyheldinCIlristmasandattractst11ewholetown．BybrainwashiIlgtheresidentsmrou曲therepeatedmytlls，NewFamersmanagetoreterritorialize．Theytakecontroloftllet0、ⅣIlandruneVe巧曲ngiIlorder．AtfirSt，Rubydoesnotdis印pointNewFathers．Uniqueandisolated，itis‘‘ato、^mjustiflablypleasedwitllitself’(Morrison，，切m以孵4)．Thesenseofhappinesscomesoutoft11epeace如landsafeenViromnent：‘‘itneimerhadnorneededajail’，(MoHison，砌阳如P4)since恤residentsbehaVethemselvesaIldnocriminalsh印pen．Ifitdoeshappenoccasionally，“meoneort、№peoplewhoaCtedup，humiliatedtIleirf．amiliesorthreatenedt11etown’sViewofitselfweretal【engoodcareof，’27 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlTheFlowinRubyT0wn(Morrison，，么甲口(璐P4)．People，especiallywomen，arefkeandprotected．WhileinotherplaceswomenaresupposedtobeVictims，or，moreViVidly，preys，theRuby’smenpromisetoke印t11em仔omanyharm．ItcanbeproVedbyabeautimlandimpressiVepictIJredra、ⅣninⅡ1enoVel．InRuby，a、阳mancaJlgetoutofherbedifsheiskindofsle印1essandthenwalkcaSuallyoutside．ShecanfeelcomfonableandsafeeVenitislateatnight：Nolampandnof．e毗Ahiss-crackle矗omthesideoftheroadwouldneverscareherbecausewhateveritwasthatmadethesound，itwasn’tsomethingcre印ingonher[．．‘]Lamplessandwithoutfearshecouldmakeherway【⋯】onout，beyondthelimitsofto、vn，becausenothingattheedgethoughtshewasaprey．(Morrison，R7md砖P4)Exceptpersonalsafe吼womenneednottowor巧abouttheirhousework．ⅥmenRubywasfoundedin1963，theyhad‘‘anincreaseinboun妒’(Momson，砌M如P56)theyneverdreamedof．e衔cientandconVenienthousehold印pliaJlceswhichhighlysavetheirtimeandene玛y．SothereisplentyoftimeforthemtocultiVateflo、versandplants，iftheywant．Gardenworkis‘‘neVerdriVenbynecess时butbydesire’’(Morrison，砌r讹泌P57)．Inaddition，menshowrespectt0、Vomen，persistingthatwomenare“alwaysthekey”(Mo而son，砌阳如g37)．oneex锄pleis28 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印terlTheFIowinRubyT0wnthatwhenaskedhowtosolVeKsfiReen—year．01ddaug量1terAme讹’srelationshipwitllK．D．aJldherpregIlallcy，FleetF1ee觚oodalwaysallswers“HaVet0askhermother，’，‘‘HaVetot乏dl(t0hermomer，’，“Mywife’sthekey’’(Morrison，Rzm如P37—38)．ItseemsthathegiVest11eri咖ofmal【ingdecisionSt0hiswifeandrespecttoher叩iIlions．However'apparemlyitishaS够tomakeaconclusionf．rom让lesuperficialf．acts．Ruby’s、阳men，likewomenin甜lyotllerplaces，areterritorialized，inDeleuzea11dGua渤一’sde6血ion，aJldins出bedast11eobedienthousewivesaIldsilembystaJlders．1heyarema唱inalizedandoverl00kedbytheirf．atllersaIldhuSbands．0nt11eonehand，womenleadasatisfIaCtoW1ifeinme‘‘p卸adise”；ontheotllerhaIld，theyarenotasblissfhlaswhatmenpresume．HeretheEdenictllemeoccurs．EVeismadebyGodwitharibofAdama11dcommandedt0obeytohermasterAd锄．In8一rocks’e砷lyparadise，mentakeitforgranted也atitist11eirresponsibilitytoinstmCtandcontrolwomen．PatriciaBeSt，theself_appointed11iStoriaJl，iss们nuousincompilingt11egenealogiesofmefi舭enf撕1ilies．T0hersuIprise，meidentitiesofwomenarehardlyrecordedint11eir11ist0巧book．SomeofwomenhaVe011lyonen锄e；somehavegerleralizedlastn锄es；some叩plymeirhusbands’n锄e．Wit圭loutc伽1pletenames，theidentityoft11esewomenissoonfo唱otten，tlleirexistenceerausedandmeirco砌butionobliteratedastiInepassesby．FromHaventoRuby，womenoccupynopositioniIlmef抽1ilyhistory．29 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印terl，nleF10winRubyT0wn“whattheysaidwaseasilyignoredbygoodbravemenontheirwayt0Paradise”(Morrison，砌n!旆Pl27)．InI之_uby“行eedomwasatestadministeredbythenaturalworldthatamaIlhadtotakeforhimselfeVe巧day’’(Momson，Rzm如g62)．Ironically，womenwerenever丘．eeorrelaxedmere．“ⅥmatwasdistinctiveintheNewWrorldwaS，firStofall，itsclaimto仔eedom，andsecond，thepresenceoftheun丘eewimintheheartofthedemocraticexperiment’’(Momson，脚打曙扔历8D口船48)．Mo玎isoneXposesthatunderthedisguiseofprotectionherfemaleandyoungcharactersareun仔eeinthepatriarchictown．InK．D．’seyes，AuntSoaneislikeaprisoner．Sheworkst11read“daily，methodically，for仔ee，produc访gmorelacethancouldeverbepractical”(Morrison，砌阳咖832)．Herendlessweavingcanbeexplainedwhenhersituationisconcemed．Sheencourageshertwosonstojointhe￡啪ywhobothdieonthebattlefield．Shehastot01erateherhusband’sloVea胁irsw油ConnieinmeConventwhencanyingthet11irdbaby，、Vhichdirectlyleadsherabortion．Soanealwaysfeelsasenseof10ssa11denlptinessthatsuf3FocatesherwhileherhusballdDeekisbusymakingmoney．WhenshetellsDeekthatshecannotcomprehendhiswords，Deekonlyrepliesthatt11ereisnoneed．SoanegiVesupexplainingherwonders．Sheactuallywonderswhyherhusballdisindi侬鹏nttohis衔ends’financialproblemsandneVerconsidersgiVingahand．HisbehaViorsi而tatehermost：hissmugsuperiori饥hisdisdainforthe30 万方数据M．A．T1lesisCh印tcr1111eFlowinRubyT0wnwomenintheConVem，aIldmostimporrtantly’hisauthorizationandmanipulationofmemassacreoftlleannlesswomen．Theirm舭iageisontlleVe玛eofcollapse．DoVey，hertwinsiSter，ismamedtoStewardMo玛aJl，Deek’st、Ⅳinbromer．DoVeyisuIlll印py'eimer．“Whenshem叫ghtaboutherhusbanditwaSi11temsofwhathehadloSt，’(Morrison，儿阳d凼252)．Shesoberlyrealizesheislosingsometllingimp删almou曲hehasacquiredreputationandfortlmeatt11es锄etime．SheischilledbyhisⅡlreattot11eyouIlgaIlddispleaSedbyhis“boltingmeirhouSeastIlou曲it、Ⅳereabanktoo”(Mo玎ison，心阳如e57)．“TheweightofhaVingtwohusballds，notone’’(Morrison，凡I朋如P57)almoStcmshesher．Unwillingtogobackt0theirhouse，sheprefertod、vellonadil印idated1i伉lehousethatismorehometoher．Outt11ereshemeetshersecret仔iendwhoseinf．omationremainsunkno、Vnt0herbecauseshefearstIlattoomuchirIterrogationwillscarehimawaySheenjoystall血gnonsensetohim：“pleasures，wo玎ies，mingsuI鹏latedtot11e、vorld’sseriousissues”(Mo玎ison，砌阳咖已58)．Isolated舶mherhuSband，sheye锄sforarealcommunicationwitllsomeonewhocanliStentowhatevershesaid．DoVey’sopeninghearttoast舳germert|lanherhusballdhintshersuppressedselfint11eman-dominatingsocie够andm“herwomen’seagemesst0express山eirVoices．IfSoaneandDoVeyareoppressedby也eirhusbands，Sweetieis3l 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapcer1TheF10winRubyT0wnstrangledbyherfourdeforInedchildren．Forsixyears，sheneVergoesoutofherhouseandtakeshereyesofr丘Dmherchildren．Shesacrificesallherdaysandnights，onlyhermot量ler-in—lawo能ringhelp．Herhusballdandfather-in-law“couldn’t100k，leta10ne、vatch”(Mo而son，户切砌咖P80)．Unablet0burdent11etonureanymore，sheleavesherhouseandgreedilybreathesthe舶shairoutside．Thetempora巧esc印eisduetohereVentualawareness廿lat‘‘theonlywaytochallgemeorderwasnottodosomethingdi腩rentlybuttodoad臁rent廿1ing’’(Morrison，助麟加P80)．nismoreanultimateemptionofhermentals仃esspilingf．0rsixyearS．WhenshecomestotheConvent．Senecareceivesawanntreatment．HoweVer，sheslandersmatmeyt巧topoisonher．SarahAppleAguiaranalyzesthatSweetie’sdelusionisakindoftransfer：a仃ansferofheranger仔omhero、vnhoHibledesiretodesertherfour仔eakchildren(Aguiarl32)．Sheissoexhaustedthatwhenoneofherchildrendies，shefeelsrelaxedmorethansad：sheis“herfIamiliar，dispassionately锄usedself’(Mo玎ison，户切m如Pl86)i11me丘meral．Sweetie’ssister．in-law，Amette，cannotwaittoleavehomeor’inherownwords，the“bleakdarlmess”(MoHison，砌阳比卵94)．ForafiReen—year-oldgirl，‘‘theunrelentingsuffocationinherparents’house；thebrand-newdisgustt11ataccompaniedmecareofherbmkenniecesandnephews；theneedf．orsleepmatalarmedhermother，annoyedhersister-¨awa11din如riatehermothera11dfather’’(Morrison，砌m如e94)32 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapterlTheFlowinRubyTowntogetllerdnVeshercrazy．‘nIatiswhyshenirrtswmlK．D．andgetSteenpregnancy．Whenthetwof-amiliesdiscussmeirrelationsKp，Amette，therealheroiIle，isabsent．Herf．atIleracc印tst11earrallgementwitlloutaskmgforherpemission．SheissohappywimK．D．matshei11sistsonmar巧i119tIlemallal廿lou曲sheclearlyl【110wsi11sidemela．仕erpr0I)ositionsherbeSt衔endaIldiskickedoutofa110tIlerwomaIl’sbedbeforetheweddillg．Marriage，goodornot，istIleonlywayt0releaseher．MaHliGaumierarguestllatasthefemininenameRubyeVokes，t11ecommuni够isdesignedwimaconSeⅣatiVeaIlddomesticwom砌lood(Gauthier397)．Towomen，RubyisaIlytllingbutaparadise．T0someeXtent，ahospitalis．TheywouldmtllergiVebinhinthehoSpitaJregardlessofhoursoftraVelling．Theyarecrazyabout“meweekofrest，’，andmostlyloVe‘‘howpeoplekeptaskiIlgherhowshefelt”(Mo玎ison，nm咖Pl71)．ThehospitalcanproVideⅡlem“meluXuryofsleepingandbeir培away6．0mhome，t11enewbomtal(eneach11ightforsomebodyelse’sc玳”(Morrison，P口阳如e171)．Itisan锄azingeXperienceunavailableathome．TheseeVidencessuggesttllatmeparadise-lifeinRubyisamirage．BeiIlgdepriVedofeVe巧thing，womenarereticentl撇bsinmemen-dominatedsocie吼0ntlleonehand，menrespectwomen．0nmeotllerhand，meyarrogantlybl锄e也eir、№rnenformisfornmebecauset11eyamm“eVe啪ing血atworriesthemmustcome舶mwomen”(Mo玎ison，P绷幽P138)．Malehypocrisyisin恤 万方数据M．A．Thesisdisguiseoftheirrigorousprotection．ChapterlTheF10winRubyT0wnTheyounggenerationismeVictimofpatriarchy，too．Unl汰emeirfamerswhosticktooldtraditions，theyoungwelcomethenewaIldt11emodem．They1istentorockmusic，driVearoundandevenkeepupwitllthecun．entamlirs．Smcet11emurderofMaItinLuther硒ng，theya、varethat“somethingValua_blehadbeenpawnedaIldmeclaimticketlost，，(Morrison，砌m如g74)．Inanattempttolookfort11e‘‘something”，也eybegintoVoicetheiropinionspubliclyanddoubttheoldpracticesinRuby．Theyoungde矽theirf．atllerbyVinueoftheirre—m描ngoft11emottosonthe0Venthatisrespectedasas11rine．Theysuggestn锄ingtheOVen“such—and-suchplace”，moreA衔caIl，notAmerican．Whentheeldera玛uethepresentmottosareinscribedaccordingtoafive．year-oldgirl’stouchingtheoriginalones，t11eyoungsnickertheso—calledfingermemo叫andaskforachallge．Theelderlyfeelseriouslyinsultedandgetgreatly丘lrious．，nlediVe玛enceoftIlet、^，ogenerationsclimaxesatt11enegotiationmeetingheldbyReVerendMisner．111eyoungholdthatt11eovenisalsotheir11isto巧sotheyhavetheresponsibilit)，toredefineitandgiveitanewlife．Asf．arastheyareconcemed，t11emottos“BewaretheFun．0wofHisBrows”ismorelil(eacommandofabsoluteobediencetoGod．Thef．actisthatt11ey，asind印endentindividuals，canactaSHisins仃L1mentandperfomjustice．“Be”，replacing“Beware”，means‘‘beingHisinstrument，hisjuStice”(Momson，心，协矗凼255)．Itisal(indofreverencerathermaJl34 万方数据M．A．11lesisChapter1111eFlowinRubyT0wnbl唧hemy．HoweVer，theiropinionsare伽ceptablet0t11eelders．WhiletheoutsiderMisnerkeenlyfindst11eyoung“arereSpectingit油eoVen)．It’sbecausetlleydoknowt11e0Ven’sValuetIlatmeywanttogiVeitanewlife”(Mollrison，，切阳以sP55)，however，meoldgenerationareuIlwilliIlgt0makeconcessions锄dallownoa内uStments．ThediSputeisendedbySteward’slastterriblewords“ifyou，arlyofyou，ignore，change，takeaway，oraddtomewordsinⅡlemouthoftllatoVen，1willblowyourheadofrjustlikeyouwasahood-eyesnake”(MoHison，砌阳施孵55)．Theyoungarehurtbytheirf-amers’autocracy．Consequemly，moreandmor．eofthemmoveoutofthetownandcomebackas1ittleaspossible．FromanotherperspectiVe，Y撕gHongjudoesseethedebateasanannounc锄entof筋lureoftheyo岫ggeneration．Thedebateitselfmatters(Yrang120)．I沁gardlessof廿1emeanillgoft}1emottos，itissignificanti11otllerways．Theau戗lorityoft11e01dgenerationischallenged．Thenewideascollidewitlltlleoldones，i面ectingnewbloodtot11es卿antto、Ⅳn．WbmenpriVatelyhaVeadiscussion．Theyagreemat“agoodmillgasf缸asitwent，butitwenttoof打’(Mo盯ison，PI口阳以阳65)．AtleaStt11eyoungwintllesupponofmewomen．WhatSoaneminksisrepresentatiVe甜1dtllusencouraging：“nomiI冯betlert0maket11epointthantIlewaywardyoungwhotumeditintoadi丘-erentkindofOVen'’(Momson，心阳如P65)．1’raditionalideologyisdoonledtoc011印se． 万方数据M．A．ThesisChaptcrlTheF10winRubyTownThepatriarchypushesRubydeepintothemireofdanger．“ARerbeingt11eslaveofthewhiteman，heenslavest11epe叩1eofhisrace’’(FrantzFanon192)．TheNewFathers，rejectedbyt11ewhites，su舶catetheirwomenandy叫ngpeople．Whentheyassuremat“eve巧mingrequirestheirprotection”(Morrison，助，蚀穷凼P6)，itisactuallytheywhorequireprotection．Rejectedbyomerraces，theyauresoscaredof甜10t11erDisallowingthattheyisolatetheirto、^，11舶mtheoutsideworld．，nleiterationofmeirOldFathers’trekhasbecomeatooltorepressaJlysigllificantchangea11deno肌ouslyhelptherulingclasstosilencet11edesireoftheirwomenandyounggeneration(Page638)．Withoutflow，R-ubyisgraduallyasdeadasbackwater．TheNewFathersneVeradmittheirmistakeandfoolishlyblameittothei11110centwomenintheConVem．InRobDavidson’sdiscussion，hesupponsthatthepatriarchshaveconVeIrtedthesto巧oftheDisallowingimopoliticaldogma，anideologythatcanencouragethemtotakeViolenceora11ydogmaticjudgmentwhichtheydeemcaJldefend恤etown’simerests(DaVidson358)．Finally，withtlleexcuseofsaf．egu莉ingtheirtown，廿1eysneakint0meConventa11dl(iUtwouna啪edwomen．RichardMisner．asasoberoutsider，preciselypointsoutt11eessenceofRuby’sfIailure：“Theymirll(theyhaveoutfoxedme、Vhitemanwheninf．acttheyintimatehim．TheyminktheyarepmtectingtheirwiVesandchildren，wheninfacttheyaremaimingthem．”(Morrison，翰，-口I刁凼e192)36 万方数据M．八ThesisChaptcr1TheFlowinRubyTownMisnercontinuestofigureomthereasonsofmef-ailure．Itisa嘶butedtoakindofgru电ematispassed矗Dmdifrerentracestotheinnerofonerace：B0m0utofanoldhatred，onematbeganwhenonek洫dofblackmansconled刮∞merkImdandmatk．mdtookthehatredtoa玎0tber1evel，证leirselfishnesshadtr：lshedtwohun(h．edyearsofsuf王．eringandtriumphinamomentofsuchp伽叩os埘andenDrandcallouSnessn矗ozet11emind．(Morrison，P口阳巍sPl92)MisnerfeelssorqforR-ubysince‘、JnbridledbyScripture，deadenedbytheroarofitsownhiStory，Ruby'itseemedtohim，wasanu11Ilecessa巧failure”(Morrison，P口阳如e192)．Thep锄disehasfallen．111efailureispr0VedbytheF础ers’annihilation．It印pearsthattheirreterritorializationisadisaster-WhentheysucceedindeterritorializingraCism，t11eyneverfigureoutaJlappropriatewaytodeVelop．InStead，tIleFattlersrete州torializetheracialSpacewitllⅡlerulesofpatriarChymatsetsRubyintoanotllerdanger．Thus舶mmestoryofRuby，wecanf．mdtlletwofoldmovementofdecodillgordete而toriaJiziIlgflowsontheonelmd，a11dtheirviolentreterrit砸alizationontlle弛er(Deleuze&Guatt撕，么力防仉坳如34)．37 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowintheConventChapter2TheFIowintheConventRonDaviddividesMorrison’sP口阳矗fsgisintotwobooks：onetellsthestoryofthe8一mckfamiliesandtheirall-blacktownRl如y．Theotherbookis恤estoryoffiVewomenwhomeetinmeConventa工1ddiemere(Davidl54)．ThefiVewomenin也eConVent，thesamewItllme8．rocksinRnby，arealsotheVictimsofracism．MoreoVer'aswomen，theyaresuffocatedbysexism．Thedoubleoppressionofracismandsexismrepressestheiregos．ThemoreintensiVethesocialcodi6cationsare，memoreoVerwhelming也ewomen’sresiStanceis．Consequently，thefiVewomenchoosetoflee矗omtheirfamilyandthesocietyandsemedownintheConVentwhere也eirdesirefor舶edomis如1lyachieved．HoweVer，di疏rent舶mtheirnei曲bor，Ruby，theConVentneVerhuqtoretefritorializebyinstitutionsandorders．Theycontinuetoset矗eemecodeofdesire姐dmakeanabsolutedeterritorializ撕oninwhichmeybecomelinesofflight．38 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowintheConVent2．1DeterritoriaIizingRacismandSexismInDeleuzeaIldGuatt撕’sc明ceptofterritorialization，theworldtendstoconfineindividualsintoterritories．Wbmen，definedbytheirgender，areplacedtosubordinatetomen．ThefiVewomenintheConvent，asaspecialgroup，areoppressednotonlybyracismbutalsobysexism．Theirdesiref．orf沁edomandindependenceissuppressedbythewhitesocietyandmepatriarchalfamily．W11enmetraditionalcodmcationsaretoohea、可tobear，thewomenchooseanescapethatsets矗eeallthecodes—ofblacks，ofwomen，moreover，offlow，andliberatestheirindiViduality．TheConVentitselfisasto巧ofchanges：firsta1icentiousplace，thenacharityschoolandfinallywomen’sdwelling．ItslonghistoWofflowendowsmeConVenta11abilityofpositiVelymakingchanges．Cons01ataandthefourlater_arriVingwomen，inherittheextraordina巧ability，fightingwitllthesecularide0109y．DeleuzeandGuattariseedete盯itorializationasanoppoIrtunit)rforregenerationandrenewal．TheybelieVeitcanoffert11epossibilityofbreabngupwhat‘‘one”is，inte眦sofbeing“another”(PaVloV204)．T11efiVewomeninmeConVent，suff．ering矗omVariouskindsofracismandseXism，managetodeterritorializewhatisimposeduponmem．Ma啊sisthefirsta仃iveroftheConvent．Sheisanobedientwifeand39 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter2111eFlowjntheC0nVemanunsuccessfulmotheraswell．Herunintentionalmurderofherbabytwinsbecomesthemseo仆eresc印e舶mherfamily．HerbabytwinsareSuH’0catedwhenshebuysfoodmastoreandcarelesslyleavesthemint11ecaurwithwindowsclosed．Sheisr印rimaJldedsecretlybyherhusbanda11dtheleRchildren．TheyaUwamt0l【illher，MaVist11i11l(s．HergirlSalisreadyt0pounceorgrabherlegs．“HerupperlipwouldberaisedshowingeleVen-ye扑oldteemtoobigforhersnarlingmoutll’’(Mo耐son，PI口M咖el5)．WhenSheisinterviewed，Salpinchesherdreadmlly．Attable，tllechildren“、veredo、V11rightbold，’(Morrison，砌m以馆14)wimtheirfather’ssilempemission．Theyplayinherfoodandmakejokes．MaViseVenischilledatgoingaroundthehouseforf．earthatherchildrenmaysetatrapt0catchher．HerhusballdF啪kscareshermost．Heisstrictwithher-WhenshewaJltStomake仔iendswithhernei曲bors，hecanfind‘‘waystopreVentacquaintaJlce仔ombecominga丘iendship”(Morrison，R7阳以，P15)．WrhenFrankgoest0bed，shewa|∞switll“astartofterror，、vhichdissolVedquicl(1yinto蜘niliar仔ight”(Momson，凡I朋d括P14)．HenevertriestocomfonMavisaRert11e仃agedyh印pens；ratllerheforceshertomakeloVe，tul面ngherimo“alife—sizeRaggedy加m’’(Momson，P口阳如Pl4)．F删止neverdoeshisfavorinhouseworkeVensheisbusylookingafterbabiesandpreparingmealsatt11esametime．Fur山emore，inherhusbaJld’seyes，sheis“theduITlbestbitch”(Morrison，Pc7阳以始21)40 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowintheConVcntintheworld．Mavisfeelssooppressedbyherhusbandthatshelovesmoremecaral证lou曲“itwasn’thers；itwashiS，’(Morris叽，Rz阳如P14)．“Ifshecould，shewouldhaVesl印touttilere，inmebackseat，snuggIedintheplaCewheremetwinshadbeen，theolllyoneswho嘶oyedhercompallya11dweren’ta仃iar’(Morrison，Rz阳如Pl4)．WhenF删出w锄sherofneVertouch证gt11ecaragain，letalonedriVe，itseemstoherthe0111yple2usllreisabomtogo．Thenshechoosest0escape丘omtheh叩elesslifewitht11ebeIoVedc缸Theescapeissuchagreat锄usememtoher．“East啪sbehindher，mehappierShebec锄e”(Morrison，砌阳如口19)．0ntheroad，shekindlyhelpsdi腩rentl【indsofgirlsandsuccessmllyslipsaway6．omherhusband’schaSe．She枷vesint11eConVentwhenthecarisoutofoil．111eConVentappealstoheraIldtllenshedecidest0staythere．G蹲issofaShionablethatshe甜ractsallⅡ1eboysinRubywhenshearriVesmerebybus：ti曲tpants，hi曲heels，l鹕eeaHings，coolhair，h叩ingtofind觚oentwinedtreeslikeamaJlandawomaIlmakiI培IoVe．InSpiteofher锄aziI坞印pearance，G追iisneveracare仔ee呻e．Ramerhersto巧isasadone．Hermotherisunlocatable；herf．atllermprison．0nlya鲫d础1erremains．Nobodytakes‘‘herseriousnessseriously’’(Morrison，砌m如P162)．ShehasnoideaofloVe．Whenherboy行iendM位eytellsheraboutarockfomationw11ich100l【Slikeacouplem描ngloVe，ShecannotwaittofindmemafterMikeyisarrested．Sheh01ds0n41 万方数据M．A．1hesisChapter2TheFlowintheC0nVenttheimageofⅡ1eetemaldesertcouplingfor‘‘dearandprecious1ife’’(Momson，尸切阳流陀40)．ItisherdesperateeagemessforloVethatdriVeshertoR_ubywhenshehearsoftwoentwinedtreestheresinceshefindsoutt11emckfonnationisajoke．Sheisalsoavictimofmcism．，nlenightmareof“proVocatiVedemonstrations，pamphlets，bicke血g，police，squa舵rs，1eadersandsomuchtalking”(Momson，凡z阳以始163)hauntsherinherlateryears．Mostofall，herpanicipateinaracialriotprojectsabigshadowinherhean-0VeronehundredhaVebeeninjuredinthe纳y．Whatimpresseshermostisaboy、vhodiesofshot．“Hejerked，andbloodflo、vedf№mhismouth．Heheldhishandsout，caremliy，tocatchitIestitminshisshoesthewayithadalreadyruinedhis幽rt’’(Momson，R黝f如P108)。Sheisangryandthenshockedbypeople’sindif五：rence：noreportof‘‘aneatii砌ec010redboycanyinghisbloodinhishallds”(Mo州son，砌砒l08)．ThesceneofthebleedingblackboyneVergoesoutofGigi’smind．ShehidesitinherdeepheaIt，cautiousnottotouchit．Faraway舶mrace-baitingoutside，theConVentseemsare如geetothegirl、计10decidestostaywhenshecomesthereaccidently．Senecaisthethirdrefhgeewhosu彘rs丘omabando衄enta11dsexualabuse．HersisterJean，actuallyherfourteen—yea卜oldyoungmother，disappe卸red、ⅣhenshewasonlyfiVeyearsold．Thelonelygirlspentdaysandni曲tsknocl(ingoneVeD，doorinherbuildingtolook蠡”42 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFIowintheConvemJean．SenecablamedherselfandbelieVedtJlatifshecoulddoeverythingright，JeaJlwouldappearagainaIldholdoutherann．s．ThenshebehaVedwell：“cleanedherteeth，w础edherearscare如lly，nushedtlletoiletri出aWaya11df01dedhersocksinsidehershoes’’(Morrison，心m如P81)．Butwhenshe“bmShedherei出eenmilkteetllu而lmet00thbmShwaspiIll【wi山blood”(M0讯son，—P口n2(如P82)，her‘‘sister，’didnotappear．Instead，acaSewofkercanleandbrou曲thertofosterhomes．HernewmothersloVeherfor“shetookreprimandquietly，atewhatgiven，sharedwhatshehadaJldneVereVercried’’(Morrison，Pc7阳d矗e87)．Shehasnotshed0neteareVenwhenhernewbromerssexuallymolesther．Herboy丘iendneVercaresforherthoughshedoeseverythingheorderSwhenheisarrestedforl(illingacmld．Senecalosesherjobwhenshe订avelstoVisithismother．0nherwayback，sheisseducedbyarichwomaJlwhopromisestoo丘．erherahi曲-paidjobwhichlatertumsouttobeasexualplayer．E)(haustedandhelpless，sheaimlesslywandersuntilshefollowsSweetieand砌vesiIlt11eConvent．TheConvembecomeshershelter、)l，：hichcanprotecther仔ommise巧aIldsexualabuse．Pallas，ttle1astone，isonceani肌ocentgirl．Despiteofher肼1er’sstrictsur、，eillance，shee10pesw油herjaJlitorboy衔endtovisithermomer．PallaSissot陆lledtoseehermotllerthathercariscrammedw岫herpresents“inaV撕etyofcolorsa11dstylesbecauseshecouldIl，t瑚(eachanceonhaVingnotllingtIlatwouldpleaSeawomanshehadnot43 万方数据M．A，ThesisCha讲er2TheFlowintheConVentseeninthineenyears’’(Morrison，凡z朋如e105)．ShespendsmontllsaRerhermother’s“excitedhugsaJldl(isses’’：‘‘monthsofmarvelingat廿1espectacularscene巧；monthsofeatingwondermlfood，monⅡ1sofartisttalk；monthsoftalkatni曲tunderstars’’(Momson，胁如P105)．Thereuniontimeissuchago玛eoust1．eausuretoheruntilsheisstupefiedathermotllerandherboy衔end’s“grapplingbodies，exchallgingmoans，u啪ind向lofanywatcher，’(Morrison，心阳咖P107)．PallasblindlydriVesonroadswithoutdestinati叩，israpedbyseveralmena11dthenfallsintoap001．AnIndiallwomansavesheranddriveshert0ahosp“al、ⅣhereBilleDelia，afomerR-ubyite，worksthere．Havingsensedmegirl’sgreatsorrow，BillesendshertotheConventthatthefomerbelievesitisagoodplacetocurepains．PaUasistakengoodcareo￡Whenshegoesbackhome，shesoonesc印estot11eConventandneverwantstoleaVeConsolata，the“aborigine”oftlleConVem，isaleadingfigurewhomthefournewcomersadmireandrespect．Shehelpst11ewomentoexpeltheirmelancholy．Asamatteroff酏t，Consolataherselfisalsoapoorwoman．Rapedbya、Ⅳhitemanatnine，theo印haniskidn印pedbyMa巧Magna．ConsolatapreferstocaUitarescue“becausewhatever1ifet11eexasperated，headstrongnunwasdrag西ngthemto，itwouldbesuperiort0、vhatlaybeforethemintheshit-strewnpathsofthatci妒’(Morrison，只口阳如P140)．0nt11eirVoyage，t11elittlegirlhasexperiencedtllemost44 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter2111eFlowinmeC0nVentwondermladventureinherlife．WheninhoSpital，sheiswatchedbyabeauti向l1ady．Theladyworriesher，touchingherforehead0rSmooth吨herhair-“Itwas、vorthgettingsick，dying，eVen，t0seet11atkiIldofconcemiIlanadun’seyes”(Morrison，Pc野饿加Pl40)．ThefollowiIlglifemllofmilk，softwhitebreadandgorgeousl趾guageiswhatsheneVerdre撇sofbefore．Soforthi啊yearssheo彘rs“thebleedmghe叭andbottomlessloVe”Q伯rrison，只口阳如P141)t0GodandMaryaswellt0deliverhergreatgratitude．HeraffairwitllDeekMb玛a11isanotherpleasureforherth叫ghmemanleaVesheraRertheirsecretdate也atlaStsforonlyafewmonms．BeingabaJldonedfortllesecondtime，ConsolataclosesherselfiIlmecellarandisaddictedtoalcoh01．Inpain，shehatestoliveandlongsfordeam．Eachmomingshe‘‘woket0thewrenchingdisappoimmentofnothaVingdiedthenightbefore”(Morrison，砌m如g139)．Eachnightshe‘‘sar止intosleepdetemineditwouldbethefinalone’’aIld“hopedtllatagreath0Veringfootwoulddescendandcmshherlikeag删enpest'’(Momson，砌阳始P139)．Herfinalepiphanyist11eoutcomeofherconStantandtorhlrousselfstllJg甜ing．Consolataleadsherfour衔endstofightagainst血epastandcreateawomanparadiseWhichbuttIleydonotplantodo．“Eachyoullgwomallisacasestudyinf．amilialaIldpsychologicaldisori伽怵ionandtogethertlleyareradicallyheterogeneousandcacoph011ic’’(Page638)．ThefiVewomenhaVeuIlde玛onet11ebittemessof45 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowintheConVent1ife．MaVisisastereo帅icalhousewifewhoisenslavedbyherhusbandandthef．a商1y．ShecallrIotgetridofseXualabusea11dthesilentViolence．BothSenecaandPallasarevictimsofsexism：thefornlerisernpIoyedtobeaseXualpIayerandthe1a他risrapedbyunknownmen．Gigihastroublesinf．0玛ettingherinVolVementinracialriot．Consolataisnirtedbyawhitemanasalittlegirl．“Socialnots锄andjets锄t11ewomenmaybe，but也eonethingtlleyhaVeincommonismistreatmembyasociety1a唱elygoVemedbymaleprerogatiVes，sothattheConVentistmlyaretreatforthem”(WiddowSon330)．Inspiteoft11eirdi艉rentbackgroundsaJldVariousexperiences，thefive、vomenchoosetheConVenttobetheirsanatorium．TheirbraVeesc印efi的mthesocie妙noodedwithracismandsexismisannouncing也eirfirststeptowardsself-recognitionandself-realization．‘‘Deterritorializationdoesnotmeanthelossofbeing，butra廿ler，a工1accelearationofbeing，aspeedingup，amoVingawa弘achangeofbeingacrossthemresh01dofwhatisknownatthecurrenttime，inmepresentplace，orwiminthepresent丘锄eworkofknowledge”(PaVloV204)．IntheConVent，di街cultitmaybe，theyareableto1iberatethecodificationofequalityandpursuethedesireforf沁edomandindependence． 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter2neFlowintlIeConVent2．2TheLinesofFlightfromRacismandSexismWhilethep撕archsareengagedinmaking11llesanddrawingthe1inesbetweenraces，thewomenint11eConventdonotmindtoreterritorialize．Instead，meyjustke印ondeterritorializingthecodesofracismandseXism．DeleuzeandGu砒a耐doubtthatwhensmashingthetraditionalcodiflcation，deterritorializationmaystimulateunbridleddesires．Altemativelyanabs01utedetemtorializationisa110wedtomakesmootht11emmsitionoftheold锄dthenew(Palvov202)．Inotherwords，tope叩etuatetheproductionofdeterritorializationandmotivateapotentialrete盯itorialization，aconceptisneededtoworkagainstmepressuresofdesires．DeleuzeandGuattaricallit“lineofni曲t”．RusselWrest—PaVloVfiguresitoutaIldde矗nesmeconceptinhiswords：Linesofnightarelineswhichleadaway行omthecentredsiteofgazeandoutoftheorderedpicture．Linesofnightarevectors、vhich1eadoverthehorizon．towardsthatwhichcamlotyetberepresented．Theyareescaperoutesoutofthecageofcodification—codiflcationofsocialpr乏嵋tice，mlesofbehaVior，modesofth叫ght，aXiomaticphilosophies．(Pavlov202、47 万方数据M，A．ThesisChaptef2111eFlowintheCDnVe毗ThewomenintheConVentarebecoming1inesofflightinthissense．Indebun姑ngmesocialcodificationimposeduponwomen，theysubVenthetraditionalfemaIeroleaIldredefinethemselVesasselfgoVemedindividuals．Thefirstst印toacquireselfindependenceist0staItt11eirbusinessandbecomefinanciallyind印endem．溉enmenaren．aditionallyconsideredtobefinancialsupportersormoneymakers，therearenomenintheoonvent．However，theabsenceofmentheredoesnotthreatenthewomen’slife．SincetheschoolisdismissedbythegoVemment，theleRwomenfeelabandonedandeXpectnosupport仔omchari够Theytdkemeasurestomaintainthemansiona11dnotincurdebt．They1easelalldforrou曲comandalfalfaandmakesauces，jelliesandbread．TheyadVenisetheir‘‘eggs，peppers，hotrelishanda119Ubarbecuesauce’’(Mo仃ison，砌，吼越g153)witha1argeboard．7nlebusinesstumsouttobeasuccess．Theyeammostofdriverswhopassby．Atfirst，theRubyitesstoptobuypeppers．Peppersarewomen’sf．aVoriteseasoning．StewardMo喀an，wholosestaStesense，needsonlytheirpeppersjnhjsmeaJ．Thewomenaresocreativet11atmeirnew—designednutpies‘‘wentassoonasposted’’(Morrison，R了，切如口153)．WhenSoarleseesMaVisisshellingmepecansattheirfirstmeeting，shetellsMavisthat111am(sgiVingisnotathingwithoutpecanpies．‘‘TheymadeI．hubardpiesodeliciousitmadecustomersbabble，andtheba小ecuesaucegotahea、，enlyreputationbased48 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2111eFlowin廿1eC0nVentont11ehell舭peppers”(Mo玎ison，A溅P153)．WhenGigi’scompanionintlle订aillimroducesRubyto、Ⅳntoher，hetellsherthattherhubardpieist11emostdeliciouspieinmeworldaIldiIlsistentlyadviseshertohavea乜y．EVenmep撕archs’impressionon也eirnei曲borsistllatallofmemaresellingproducts．neyareo行endedbythefaCttllat恤womendonmneedmenbutstillhaveanamuentlife．Whatt11eyiglloreisthatthewomenendeavortoproVetheirf．maJlcialabili够as也efirstdemonStrationofmeirindependenceofmen．The嘶RerSiIlt11eConVenthaVechallgedwitlloutl【110wingit．MaVisisnowaIlexcellentcook洒t11ehouse．Cool(ingisapleasuretoherbutnotaboringtriVialwork．Inher矗rstencounterwitllCons01ata，she丹ownsaIldshakesherheadwhenthelatteraSkshertohelptoshellpecans．Consolataencouragesherbypraisingherhand：‘‘strong，cuⅣed1ikeabird’sperfect．_pecanhallds”(Morrison，户’乜煅办P25)．Itbeginsherparticipationinkitchenwork．WhenConsolataclosesherselfmthecellar，itisMaviswhoc00l(SforeVe巧bodyandmakessureeVe巧mealis印petizing．Cool(i1嗨i11deedsatisfiesheralldgiVeshermuchconfidence．AnewMavisisbom．“TheonewhocouldIl’tfigureoutormaJlageasimplemeal，whoreliedondelisandd“Ve—t11rou啦s，nowcreatedcrepe·likedelicacieswitlloutshoppiIlgeVe搿day’’(Mollrison，心阳沈妃108)．TheoldMavis，thed岫beStbitchinherhusband’smoutll，couldnotcrossthecountryatagrownage；“couldnotmakeaplallthat49 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2111eF10wintheConVentaccommodatedmorethantwen够minutes’’；“cadtobetaughthowtod巧herselfinmeweeds’’byyoungergirls；“toorattle—mindedto叩enacar’swindowsobabiescouldbreath'，(Morrison，砌慨妣21)．1hedeathoftheoldMaViscallbeproVenagainbyⅡlefactt11atnowshecaIlbravelyfightagainstothers：theoldone“whocouldll’tdef．erldherself厅omaneleVen—ye扑oldgirl，1etaloneherhusband’’(Morrison，砌阳咖P108)．SosheenjoysherfightwitllGigi，scratchedthou曲shecallbe．SheeVenplanshermoney—makingVenturesofopeningabreakfastrestauralltoramotel．Herpotemialisla唱elydevelopedintheConvent．Gigiisasexualgirlinmen’seyes．Hertightpams，minisl(irtandslenderfigureinterestthem．HoweVer，thethoughtofdiss01meGigiproVestobeabigmistake．GigineVercaterstoanyman．K．D．，theonlymanshehasrelationshipwith，tumsouttobeapositiVepartner．Sheenjoyshispassionatepursuitandendlessflatteries．ShecaIlalsoproudlyre如sethemanwheneversheis10amtodatewitllhimnomatterhowconlplaisantheis．WhentiredofK．D．，Gigiteases，insultsorre龟seshimoncetoooRen．Whenthediscouragedmangrabsandsmacksher，hert、Ⅳo衔ends，MavisaJldSeneca，helpto“Vethe鲫∞gammanaway，‘‘answeringhiscurSeswithbetteronesoftheiro、vn’’(Morrison，砌m如P163)．Gigi’spredominanceintherelationshipandthewomen’srevoltagainstthemandeclareagainwomen’ss仃ength．Notsubmittingtomenanymore，womenaretheonlyonewhocandominatetheirbodies．The50 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheF10wintheConVentrealizationoffemalesubjeCtiVitycanbeinferredf．romGigi’scaSe．Adiscardshecouldbe，Consolatawalksoutofmeshadowofthebreak-upandle锄stomanagemehousewmlskills．Sheperf．eCtsbarbecuesaucematseizesthestomachsofcattle—coulltrypeople；sheraisesc11ickens，geeseandacowa11dtendsmegardensowellⅡlateVerykmdofcropisperfectly锄№gedaIldabundallt．ExCeptther01eofagoodafldcreatiVegardenke印er，Cons01ataplaysamotherr01einmeConVent、VhiIesheusedtorelyonMaryMaganWhoSheeSteemsand10vessomuch也atwhenMa拶diesshefeelsherworldhaScoll印sed．ShebegsfordeatIleVerynightanddoubtS也emeanirIgoft11edelay．Asme西rlsarriVeonebyone，shebeginst0realizeherresponsibili够sincethemiserablegirlsspi“tuallydependonher．“0nebyonemeywouldnoatdownthestairs，can了ingakerosenelamporacandle，likeamaidellsemerillgatempleorac巧pt，tosit伽menooraJldtalk”(Morrison，凡zm如P140)．ThereareonlytwothmgSthatcano疏ndMavisoneofwhichisanymaligIlwordstowamsCons01ata．Gigiwouldra恤ersharehertreasureonlytoher．Consola诅ist11e6rsttllou罢灿comingtoSeneca’smind、Vhensheisinconmsionbecauset|lelatterbelievesSheisamagicianwhocanhandleeVerytllingeaSily．WhenPallaScliⅡlbst11estairs，‘‘imagesofa伊a11dIIlotherrockingpeacemlly，ofarms，al印，asingingVoice”(Morrison，尸白m如81l2)soothesher．T0them，Consolatais“thesweet，u妇ateningoldlady”(Momson，胁咖P166) 万方数据M．A．ThesisChaptcr2nIeFlowintheConventand‘‘theidealparent，衔end，companion’’(Morrison，Pa阳以，gl66)．Tosomeextent，ConsoIataistheironlysupportandthusthepowerbywhichtheycangetthrou曲painsandstmggles．Cons01atadoesbecomeahelp如lassistallt．Shelistenstothestoriesof“disorder，deception，driR”(Momson，只口阳d扣Pl39)narratedbythenewcomerswith“padded，wine—d锄penedindulgence’’(Mo玎ison，Pczm咖P139)．Sheissopenetmtingt11atwhatSheseest}lrou曲herV撕ousglassesare“bmkengirls，衔ghtenedgirls，weakandlying’’(Morrison，心阳沈阳139)．Helpingotllers，meaJlwhile，Cons01atahelpshersel￡NeVersel仁closedagain，shegoesoutofthecemetery，rises￡lboVegroundandbeginstobreathetheairoutside．MavisismefirstonetoobseⅣeConsolata’schanges：‘‘shenotonlyhadstoppedusingsunglassesbutwasdressedup，sono￡eVe巧day’’(Mo耐s叩，砌m如P165)；‘‘onherfeetweretheshinynunshoesthatoncesatonherdresser'’(Morrison，砌朋栅Pl65)．Shelau曲sme仃ilymoreoRen．Thefourwomenlooksatapersontheydonotrecognize．“Shehasmefea_turesofdearCorulie，butt11eyaresculptedsomehow—-hi曲ercheekbones，s仰ngerchiIl'，(MOHison，砌阳如8l66)．Her廿lickeyebrows，pearlywhiteteem，bronzehairandsmootIlskinsu印risethem．IndeedConsolatare仔eshesherselfa11dmanagestotakeona1eadership．Her印pearance—modificationismebeginningofConsolata’sclasswheresheteachesherfollowerst0coordinatetheirbodieswithspidts．52 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2111eFlowintlleConVentForcenturies，fbmalebodiesareemployedbythepatdarChaliIlstitutionsasa11excuseofmaledominallcesincemeyaredi日1erent矗Dmmaleones．Thedi疏renceisusuallyconsideredasash锄eandthereforefemalebodyissuppressednot011lybymenbutwomenthemselves．Consequently’t11eliber撕onofbodyisthefirSttaSkforwomeninmeirwayto袱玳lsautonomy．恕mRosalindJonesi11her“W}itingt11eBody”a玛uesmatwomen’sbodiesaremeirtoolstoe虹blishfemalesubjectiVi哆：‘‘ifwomenaretodiscoVeraIldeXpress、vhotheyare，tobringto恤esurfacewhatmasculinehiSto拶haSrepressediIlmem，theymuStbeginwim廿leirsexuali哆”(Jones77)．TbniMorrison’swomenmt11eConVentresonatewimAml’sproposal．Cons01atahasanewunderstaIldingofbodywhenshesaVesmoribundpeopIewithherspecialability：“seeingin”，or“steppingin”(Momson，几朋沈始157)aSLonecalls．Itisal(indofmagicthatoIllyConsolatacanperf0Hn：stepint0mebodyaIldregainlifeforce．Inspired，sjhedecidestoinstrLlctt11ewomentoreexamillettleirbodies．Theyscmbmecellaurfloor柚dringtheplacewi山candles．‘nlenⅡ1eyaret01dtomldressandliedownhoweVertIleyfeelcomfortable．“SenecalayonherstomaChat丘rSt，吐1ench锄gedt0herbackhandscl唧inghershoulders．Pallaslayonherside，l(11ees慨up．GigiflⅦgherlegsandanIlsap叭，、]v：tlileMaVisstuckanoater’spose，annsangled，kneespointingin’’(MoHison，P口阳如P167)．Consolataw出sarounda11dp出tst11ebody’s53 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowinmeConVentsilhouettewitlleachremainingthere．Shebeginstotalkaboutherownbodystou：herchildboCly'youngbodyandhercornprehensionofbody．ItisquitealongbutmoVingstoU：^匆childbody，hurta11dsoul，le印snotheannsofawoman(Ma巧Maglle)whoteachmemybodyisnomingmyspiriteVerything[⋯】Ⅳ【yfleshissohung巧foritselfitatehim(DeacanMo曙a11)．Whenhefellawaythewomanrescuesme仔ommybodyagain．[⋯]1wondering、Vhereisthespiritlostinthis?Itistrue，likebones．nisgood，likebones．0nesweet，onebitter．Whereisit10st?[⋯]NeVerbreakmemintwo．NeVerputoneoVerother[⋯】’，(Morrison，，切朋加e167)Consolata’sexperienceofbodyisconlpaniedwithherself-ex锄ination．Atfirst，sheisash锄edw油herbodythatisr印ed．Thensheistaughtthatitisspiritt11atmakessense．ARerbeingabandonedbyDeacaJlwhoisscaredawaybyherbite，sheneVerc衄finestobodilydesire，or，moreexplicitly，sexualdesire．Her‘‘st印pinginto’’M哪’sbodythrows1ightontheimplicationofbo(1y．Bodyisnotatallanassemblyofbones．Ratheritisah啪oniouscombinationofbonesandspirit．Itisunwisetoseparatebonesf如mspiritorplaceoneoVertheother．Byextension，womanbodyisneverasexobjectandagendersh锄e．Itcan54 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter2TheFlowintheConVentbeandnmstbeacombinationoffemalesubjectiVityandselfrecogn“ion．“To而te舶mthebodyistorecreatemeworld”(Jones77)．Similarly，torespectmebodyandcherishitist0fmdaIldrebuildsel￡Consolata’sbodymeo巧andtIlepracticeofbodyintimacyenli曲tent11egirls．Nal(ed，coldandexhausted，t11egirlsgaZeattIleirbomesande巧0ytIleirencoⅧ1terandexaminationwimbody．“TheteInplatesdrewtheml墩em延511ets”(Mo玎ison，砌r俄玩Pl68)．Addictedtot11ecommunicationoft11eirbody，theyshiRdailylifet0(10wntllere．Latertheybuytubesofpailltandsticksofcoloredch￡Llkandpaintonclom“firstwithnacLmlf．ea七ures：breaStsandpudenda，toes，earsandheadhair”(Morrison，凡zm如P168)a11dthendrawwhatmeydre锄o￡feara11davoid-Consolata，‘‘likeanewandrevisedReverendMotller，’(Morrison，Pd阳如P168)，feedt11emb100dlessfooda11dwateralone．TheyaresoabsorbediIlmereconciliationwitllbodymat“meyhadtoberemindedofmemoViIlgbodiestlleywore’’but‘‘soseductiVeweret11ealiVeonesbelow”(Morrison，j切md妇Pl68)．1heysaVoraIluIlprecederltedlifeforcebyVirtueof、Ⅳhicht11eybu巧tlleiroldselfandl【indlet11epassion6泔newlife．PhilipPageconSidersmeintimatecon吼unicationwittlbodyasanefrectiVemer印yinWhichmeycomaCtwimt11eirself-destnlctiVeegosandmerebyt11eyex锄inememselVesandinte印rett11emselVes(Mo仃ison，咖如P638)．Itisthebegillningoftheircurethattumsouttobeadr锄aticsuccess．55 万方数据MA．ThesisCh印ter2TheFlowintheConventSeneca，the“queenofscars”(Mo玎ison，砌阳如Pl39)calledbyCons01ata，isanoutstandingfigureinthereconciliationwimbodySheloVestomakethinredslitsinherskinwhatevercomestohand：razor．safetypin，pariIlgknife．Thehabitbeganwhenherfosterbrothertriedtor印eherthefirsttimeandametalbuttononhertrousersscratchedhertoblood．Herfostermotherhadpi妙onherbutsenthertoanotllerf．amilywhenthefomerwast01dwitllherson’sbehavior．Whenshegrowsup，shegraduallyknowst11at“t11erewassomethinginsidehermatmadeboyssnatchherandmennash”(MoⅢson，Rzm如P165)．Shecannotgetanycomfort矗omherboy衔endswho‘‘t00kherdeVotionforgranted’’(Morrison，№如Pl66)．Theyonlyblamethesexualharassmenttoher：“butifshecomplainedtothemaboutbeingfondledby仔iendsors咖ngerstheir如巧wasdirectedtoher，sosheknewitwassomethinginsidethatwasthematter”(Morrison，砌m如Pl66)．ThepoorgirlleamsthatbodyisthetmubIeandstartstohunherbodybyslicingthesl(inasaseVerepunisllIllent．Thescarscallalsohelptoobtainsympatllyfortheydolooks嘲ical．Inju曲gherbodyaJldwatchingb100druIlhast11rilledandquietedher．Nudenow，shecompletelyexposesherbodysoal【edw油scarstoherf订ends．Thebody；onceash锄etoher，isnowher衔end、地oshemakesupwithaJldwantstoche“sh．Stoppingtocutonherbody，shedu纠icatesherscarsonherpamting．Lateron，“whenshehadt11ehungertoslicehermerthi曲，shechoseinsteadtomarkt11eopenbodylying0n56 万方数据M．A．11lesisChapter2TheFlowintheConVemthecellarnoor，’(Morrison，，切m如Pl68)．Seneca’sprotectionofherbodyisagoodsignofselfawareness．SherealizesthatbodyisnotadisgracebutameaIlstoVoiceheridenti哆．ItistheindiVidualt11atwhocaIlbememasterofherbody．HaVingknowntheiIlfomation，Sheisablet0h-ee丘Dmselfhandandconfidentlyactasa仇llyindependentW0man．TbgemerⅡlewomencommunicatewitllt11eirownbodya11domers’bodiesaSwell．Inthecommunication，meyreleaset11emselVesandalsoassisteachothertobuildupego舶mtheirpastamictiVeexperiences．‘‘TheyhealmemselVes，achieVingi11diVidualh跏nonyastheyacquirecommunalhanI】ony”(Page642)．TheirchaIlgeishardtobeigIlored：Consolatatakesofrherdarkglassesmatoncehideher矗omeyecontact；womenhaveshavedmeirheads；theyquitloudmusic，emptylaughteraJldfi出s．111eonce—noisywomenseemcalmandpeace如1．Theirnei曲borSareshockedby“asenseofsurfeit；t11echa唱edairoft11ehouse，itsforeigIlfeUandamarkedlydi仃erentlookint11etenants’eyessociableandcoIllleCtingwhenmeyspoketoyou，othenⅣisemeywerestilland叩praising”(Mo玎ison，砌阳如g168)．111eiradultm锄erss诎emepassers-bywhoare锄oyedbyt11echaIlgesaIldgraduallyrealize、ⅣhatwillbemissiI玛：differentf而mt11erestlessRubyites，tIlewomenint11econVentare“nolongerhaunted”(Morrison，砌阳咖8169)．Theirulocentwomens训aloof丘ommesecularworld，asl(ingfornothing．57 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter2neFlowintheConVem“The1inesofflightinvolVeadeterritorializationt11rou曲amoVementwhichinte巾retsorsuspendsf-锄ili碣confming，f10rmalpossibilitiesandmeirprescribedo略anicandsocialrequire】nent”(J0nesHu鲈es46)．Fromthesto巧ofmeconVent，itca|1beinferredt11atme肌ewomenworksuccess血1lyoutthesignificanceofdeterritorialization．TheyneVerstop(1eterritorializingtheoldcodificationinlposedonth锄insteadofrete仃itorializingtlleircommunitywithregulations，aXiomsandinstitutions．TheyenteranewStageofbeingindependentindiViduals．UnleaShingsel￡thewomenbecomelinesofnight，whichleadthemtorealizetheflowofdesireforbodilyandspiritual6．eedom．Theirliberationgenerateslifeforcetot11eConVent． 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3Becoming蚰EanhlyP枷iseChapter3BecominganEarthlyParadiseDeleuzeandGuattari’s彳，2打一(概劫螂issignificantinexposingtheessenceofflow．111econceptofnowisalwaystllekeythiIlgtouIlderstandthe廿玳eS0cialregimes：“te玎itorial”，“despotic”and‘‘c印italist'’．Individualsareenc叫ragedtorepresstheirnowofdesiresincet11emechanismoftheOedipuscornplexpreVails．OtllenⅣisethereischaosandaJlarchy．H0weVer，unlikeFreudwhohasfailedtoseemeintimateconnectionbet、veent11eproductionofdesireandsocialproductioni11itswidestsense，DeleuzeaJldGua仕撕breakthrou曲t11eobsessionoftheOedipuscomplexandf．aVorthe允lfillmentofdesirewhichshiRsthee矾lto“avaStsurf．aCefort11erecordingoftheentireprocessofproductionofdesire”(Deleuze&Guanari，彳刀f扣。已却螂11)．，nlerealizationofnowofdesiregenerateslifewhicheXpressesitselfintllecreationofspaces．Spaceisneverfixedra也erdeVelopedandcollIlectedby“仃萄ect0IIiesofbecoming”(PaVlov202)，inanomerwords，“1inesofnight”．1kyaret11e州ma叮thingsin山ecourseofnow．111connectingspacesoflife，meythemselVesarebecominglife．Whenonerejects1inesofnight，itrejectsthepossibilit)roflifeforce．Mo玎ison’s59 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecomingallEanhlyParadisecharacters，whenmeyhavebuilttheircommunities，haVedi伯：rentattitudestowardsthenow．R-ubyresiststothenowofmedesireofitscitizenswhowantt0integrateintot11ebigworld．Itsneighbor，theConVent，embracesdifrerenceandwelcomesmultiplicity，whichgreatlycatertothedweIlers’nowofdesire．Consequently，t11etv旧communitiesarefacedwithtwooppositedeVelopmentsituations．3．1ResistancetoFlow：aDeadPamdiseTheesc印eofthe8一rockfamiliesisasuccesssinceitfulfillstheirdesiretobecomeanindependentrace．ButwhenR-ubyisbu订t，thepatriarchsneglecttheircitizens’flowofdesireand，whatisworse，repressanyflowofdesire．NowonderRubyis10adedwiththedreamofthe8一rocks．HaVingexperiencedV撕ouskindsofmisfonunes，8一rockslongforaplacewheretearsandsh锄escanbeaVoided．Theyattempttoadoptclosed—doorp01icy，assuredmatitisawisestwaytopreserVeaJlEdenicRubyisaVe呵is01atiVetownsincetheNewFathersbelieVethatt11eonlywaytogetridofoppressionisbeings印aratedf而mtheoutside、vorld．Withoutanyinnuencef}omtheworld，theirp撇disecanbepermaIlentandintactwhateVerh印pensoutside．Morrison，howeVer，doesnotapproVemenotion．Shepointsoutmattheideaofutopiais60 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter3BecomingaIlEanhly酬iseaccoInpaniedbythewrongdoingofexclusiVi吼WhileutopiaisdefinedaSaplace如11ofhappinessand丘．eeofh锄ms，itisalsoaplacet11atsep删tesitself丘omotllerS．“Allparadises，allutopiasaredesignedbywhoisnott量1ere，bytllepeoplewhoarenotallowedin”(Lehrerl998)．Bynan．atingⅡ1est0巧ofRuby，MorrisonismentonexposiI培mefalsepraCtice．Rubydoesnotwelcomeanyoutsiders．Tb瓶residentS，outsidersmeanenemies．CoInpletelyisolated，itisa‘‘sleeptown’’(Morrison，尸臼r口(玩P6)int11eeyesofstrangers．Thereare‘‘threechurcheswitllillonemileofoneanot王lerbutnotllingt0seⅣea仃aveler：nodinner，nopolice，nogasstation，nopublicphone，nomoViehouse，nohoSpital”(Mo玎ison，砌阳砒P6)．ThatiswhyGigi’sarriValbybuscanmakesuchastirtotheyoungsincetheyhaVeneVerseenabusinthet0、v11before．Newcomerscanbesu印risedbythetown’sspecialatmosphere．MaVis’simmediateiInpressionis“howstillitwas，astllou曲noonelivedtIlere”(Mo讯son，砌阳以馏27)．AnotllerVisitor，Gigi，feelsinthesameway．Tohersu印rise，thereisnomotelorrestaurantora1]【ypublicplacetositdo、Ⅳn．“AllaroundherwerecloseddoorSandshutwiIldows、vherepartedcln-tainswereswmlyreplaced”(Mo玎ison，，切阳dbP43)．Indeedtllet0、vnisuntouchedwithinnine够miles：“ninetymiles丘Dmthenearest0foroperatorandIline够f．romthenearestba旭e”(Morrison，P．丽饿加P7)．SarallAppletonAguiargiVesdirectcommemsonthetown：“thetownexistswitllilltheisolatedparametersofitscitizens’power血Uyexecuted61 万方数据M．A．ThesisChaptcr3BecominganE珊llyPmdiSewill．Byallowingnooutsideencroachment，Rubyremainsdeadtochange，static．”(Morrison，R7m锄P514)Itseemsthattheelderssucceedinke印ing舶mt11ewhitesfort11ereisnos啦ofwhitesinthetoWn．肌enafewwhitemencome，itsmentogetherdrivethemoutoft11etown．Thewhitesarethemostundesimble．％【eStewardasa11exan叩le．WhenheleamsthatamanasksAnnathewaMStewardcontinuest0interrogatewhetllerthemanisa10stfolkoralostwhiteman．7rohim，alostfou(di髓rs仔omalostwhitemanbecausenowhitesareallowedtoentermetown，leta10negiVethemhelp．Isolatedf如mtheoutsideworld，t11eR-ubyitesisolatethemselVes矗omeachother．Atfirst，meNewFatllersinherittheiranceStors’tradition；thatistheyshoulduntietogethertofi曲tagainstanyinjustice．IndeedRubywas“asti曲taswaX’’(Mo盯ison，几m如日130)before．Pe叩lelovedeachomerandwerereadytohelptheneedy：‘‘familiessharedeveq衄ing，madesurenoonewasshon’’(Momson，Rz阳如P69)．Wheretherewasdimculty，therewasselflessaid．TheycherishedtheVirtueofl(indnessbecausemeyhadexperiencedtheembarrassmentofre如sal．‘‘Havingbeenre如sedbytheworldin1890ontheirjoumeyto0klahoma，Havenresidentsre如sedeachomernothing，wereVigilaJltto锄yneedorshortage”叫。耐son，砌朋如P69)．Butthingschangefast．ReVerendMisner，asanoutsider’issensitivetomesesubtlechaIlges．Whilet11eyusedto“bepleasedbytheaccomplisllIllentsoftheirnei曲borsandtheir62 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3Becoming柚EanhlyParadisemockeqofthela巧aIldme100sewas如lloflaughter’’(Momson，jk阳如Pl01)，itseemsnow“t11eglacialwarinesst11eyonceconfinedt0strangersmoreandmorewasclirectedtowardeachomer’’(Morrison，砌，口如P101)．Pe叩letendtocarefornom访gbutt11eiro、Ⅳninterestsa11dalwayskeeptot11emselVes．WhendonationisneededtohelpablackboywhoiswroI培1yaccusedofViolence，menke印tlleirwalletsclosedaIldhaVebeen“ad撇孤ti11meirremsal’’(MorTison，砌麟泌Pl3O)．帆enheseesSweeties仃aI培elywaIlderingmthes打eetwittlnooVerCoatonacoldmomin＆DeekconsiderSopeninghisb甜ll(firStiIlSteadofimmediatelycatchingup、vitllheralmoughshehaSnotsteppedoutofherhouseinsixyears．Heinsistst11at“thereshouldbenooccasionwhenmebar止ofagoodandserioustowndidnot0penontime’’(Mo耐son，砌阳咖P72)．Hisbrother，Steward，isalsoapathetic．WhenaleaderissupposedtocareforeVe巧memberiIlhiscommuni吼StewardisindifferenttoBillieDelia’sdis印pearaJlcebecauseheth试I(S“nomajorlossifshedidrullo行’(Momson，砌阳如P79)．Lone，aIloldmidwifeiIlRuby，observes血att11etown‘‘hasnopi够’’：“Here，whenthemenspokeoftheminationt11atwasupontllem—-howR-ubywaschan百I培inintolerablewayS-tI】eydidnott11inktofixitbyeXtendingahandiIlfellowshiporlove’’(Morrison，P口阳咖8l73)．Ⅵment11eyclaimt11eirloyal够toGod，t11eyignoremat“GodloVedt11ewayshumanloVedoneanotller’’(Momson，凡7m以，已93)．AparadiseRubymayonceappeartobe，theyarenevermequalified63 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecomingafIE硎如lyParadisedwellersbecausetheyfailt0understand廿1eexactmeaningofaparadisethatGodblesses．Theyplamwickedseedsofdeconstmctionimome掣oundoftheirp鼬adise．ThereisagroupofresidentsiIlthecemreofRuby’shostileis01ation．Sl【inc010rbecomestllewaypeoplegetdiVideda11dr锄kedinthetown．Disallowedbythe、沛ites锄dlight—skinnedblacks，吐leydisallowmeirfellows．TheDisallowing，accordingtoPhilipPage，isablet0justi匆t11eexclusionaqdogmaofRubyandofthe8·rocl(sw油init(Page640)．111eystrictlyobseⅣeanunspoken“one—drop’’mletopreservetIleirracialpurity．The“one—drop’’bloodmlepemitsf．amilymemberstomar巧onlyimoother8．rocksf．amilies．Therefore，intermarriagebecomescommon，whichmakesmoredefomedchildren．Those、vhobreak“one—drop”ruleorareimpurearema唱inalizedbytheRubyites．R09erBestisthefirstonewhodarestoViolatetheb100drule．I沁gerBestmarriesDeliawhohaslongbro、vnhair，honeyspecl(1edeyes，andmostiIl】【portantly，li雩灿skm．WhenRubyisbuilt，hesendsalettertoDeliaandaskshertocometherewitht11eirli曲t—skilllleddau曲terPatriciainsteadoftellingthep锄riarchsfirstbecauseheknowsthattheywiUdefinitelydissuadehim舶mmarriage．Whenmeygettotheto、Ⅳn，mefamilyis、velcomedbythewords‘‘he’sbringingalongthedungweleaVingbehind”(Morrison，RI朋d鼢P127)．LifeishardfortlleBestfamily．Rogerisdespisedformar巧ing“a64 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecomingallEar山lyParadisewifewimnolastn锄e，awifewithoutpeople，awifewithsunlightskin，awifeofracialteInpering’(Momson，砌m如2125)．Hiswifeishostilelyseparated舶mmeirnei曲borS．The011lythjngsheandherskinisgoodfortllemistobuysuppliesatstoreswhilemeyparkaroulldthecomer．Otllerwisettleylookdownonhers协ceherskiIlcanremiIld吐l锄ofwhytlleirto、VneXists．ThehostilitydirectlyleadstoDelia’sdeam．WhenDeliaisgiVingadimcultpregnancy'itistllemenwhore血setotakehert0mehospital．TragicallyDeliaaIldheruIlbomchilddie．Thepatriarchsactuallyimitateakindofracismthatgenerates丘．0mt11ewIlitesocie锣andendlesslyamictsthem．Ruby，tlleMorgalls’sister，dieswhenthewhitedoctorSremsetogiVehermedicalcureandat1ast，adoctorcomeswhotumsouttobeaVet．IndeedtheRubyitesaretIleViCtimsofracism．HoweVer，theynowexertanew虹ndofracismoVert11eirnei曲bors．Deliabecomesa110therRubywhent11ef．omerdiesofblackracismaJldⅡlelatterwhiteracism．Inasense，theyhaVenodifrerence丘Dmt11eirabho船entwhiteoppressors．ARerhiswifedies，Roger(10eskindsof、Ⅳorks，t巧ingt0be印proVedbythose、vhodisrespecthim．Hisdau曲ter，Patricia，ma盯iesaIl8一rockmostlybecausehehastllemidmghtsl(in．Ⅵmenhedies，PatriciamoVesbacktoherf-ather’shousea11dbecomesamSto巧teacher．Shecontributesallhersparetimetoeditt11egenealogiesoftlleR_ubyitesasapresenttomem．Likeherfa山er’sheiseagertopleasethecitizensforshe 万方数据M．A．ThesjsChapter3BecominganEarthlyPamdiseinhe而tshermomer’slightskin．Sheevensacrificesher1ight—skirmeddau曲terDelia，n锄edafterhergrandIna．menshewasanin胁t，Deliapulleddo、Ⅳnherpantiesinmestreet．Fromt11aton，Deliaisconsideredas‘‰efastestgirlintown’，(Momson，Rz阳d妇36)andtakenforthewildonedespiteofthefactt11atsheisaVi玛inanditisAmettewhohassexatfourteen．Paniciahowsmat“hadherdaughterbeenaJl8一mck，theywouldnothaVehelditagainSther．TheywouldhaVeseenitfor、Ⅳhatitwasonlyani加ocentchildwouldhavedonethat”(Momson，凡懈如P128)．Pat“ciahatesherdaughterforherskincoloraIld丘ghtsher1ikeasaVagemanalthou曲sheisakindandlovingteacherinchildren’seyes．Fortunately，Pa仃iciacomestorealizethatshe“smashedtheyounggirlthat1iVedinthemindsoft11e8一rocks，notthegirlherdaughterwas”(Momson，翰m咖P128)．Sheneverthilll(sbeforethatherdau曲teristhei衄ocentVictimofthetoWn’sracism．ThepatriarchsmneVe啪ingandcontroleVe啪ing．Theirrecipeistoh01d‘、】nadulteratedand蚰adulteried8一rockblood”(Morrison，砌m疏，e138)．Nom舭rhowhaI．dshepleasesthecitizens，sheisanuisancetothemsincesheisnotaspureastheyare．Atlast，shebumsoffhergenealogybookt0proVeherselfawareness．ExcepttheBestf．amily，thereisanomerViolatorMenus．Hebringsapre姆sandy-hairedgirl舶mVi玛inia．TIleelderstogemerforcehimtogiVebackorretumⅡlegirlandperSuadehimthat‘‘sheismorelikeafast66 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印Ier3BecomingaJlEanhlyParadisewomant11a11a嘶de”(Momson，j切阳d妇l75)．HegiVesupsillcehehaSnocouragetoleaVeandliVewimhersomeplaceeIse．Asapullishment，Menusisdeprivedof协ehousehehasbroughtfbrttlegirl．(hatlybea_ten，M蜘usisaddiCtednoalcoholaIldhaSnotbeensoberagain．鼬mou曲hisdnJI】kis甜ributedtohisVi咖锄memoriesbyhisfellowandheisindi鼬t0otllers’1au曲s，P稚iciaknowSthemanisdeSperateinlove．Menusw伽【1dra吐1eriIldulgeiIlwmeth趾氨Kehisracistf．amers．Heisdis印pointedwimthetownofrigidbloodrule．J．BrooksBouson’swordSareproVokingin吼ders协ding廿1eirb100dmlebetter：TheyhunliliatethehumiliatorSoftheirf．orefatIlers．Intemalizingtheracistideology也atdiVidespeopleintomecategoriesofpure／irnpureandus／tllem，the8一rockpeopleconstmctt110sewhoarenon8-rockaStheinferior，degraded，impureo血er，aIldtIleyes也lblishabloodmletomaintaint11eracialpudtyofmeirgroupaIldt0solidi匆8-mckidenti可(Morrison，Rz阳d西P200)ThereisonlyoneoutSideri11Ruby；matisReverendMisnefwhoisapreaChera11danecessa巧personneededi11tlleto、vn．Thatiswhyheisacceptedbyt11eexclusiVeRubyites．Ho、veVer，beingaccepteddoesnotmeanbeingwelcomed．Nodoubt，Misnerisexcluded缸．ommeRubyites．67 万方数据M．A．T11esisChaptcr3BecomingaIlEanhlyParadiseThecitizensre如setocommunicatewithMisner．Patricia，thehisto巧teacher，remsestoexplaint011imwhythereareonlyseVenholyfamilieswhenhehasleameditshouldbenineoriginalones．1V矿henheasks￡Ibouttherealstoriesofthemassacre，peopleans、№rVaguelyandproVidedifl毛rentkindsofversions．Parentsareoftenmeobstacleswhenheeducatesyoungkids．Whatcon凡ses11immostistheirattitudetowardshisto阱Foronething，tlleFathersareobsessedwiththeirpasthisto巧：‘‘ofstoriestalesabouttheoldfolks，t11eirg啪dandgreat—g啪ds；theirf．atllersandmothers．Dangerousandconf而ntations，cleVermaneuVers．Testimoniestoendurance，wit，skillandstrengm．Talesofluckandoutrage”(Mo耐son，凡z凇如e102)．Foranotherthing，theyke印silentinna盯atingt11eirownhisto巧：“hadnothingtosaMpasson”(Mo仃ison，砌m加P102)．Misnerc锄othelpasking‘‘、vhyweretherenostoriestotellofthemselVes”(Morrison，Azmd路P102)．Finally，hefiguresitout．TotheNewFathers，t11ereisnoneedofmakingt11eirownhisto巧：‘‘pasthemismwasenoughofamturetoliVeby”(Morrison，胁以孵102)．Heretheymakeamistake．Theyfailt0seemathistoWisopenanddynamic．1Whenoneburiesitselfimothegroundofpasthistory，hewillfallf-arbehindthecomempora巧deVelopment．Itsdecayisdoomed．Ruby，haVingrigidlyadheredtotllepast，issuchafailure．AsPhilipPagea唱ues，“thet0、v11isdispossessed，liVinginitspastwithastagnantpresentaJldnoVisionofafIJnJre”(Page640)． 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecominganEanhlyParadiseAsa11outsider'Misnerhasacuteeyesf．orIh』by’spredicanlent．Itishewhoi11dicatestllatisolationisjeopardizing缸letown：“weliVeinmeworld⋯mewholeworld．Separatingus，isolatillgus—mlat’salwaysbeentlleirweapon．Isolationkillsgenera『tions．Ithasno俞mlre．”(MoHison，P口m咖Pl33)HereMisnerisMo盯ison’sspokesmaJl．Morrisonmentionsthatheis‘铀echaracterwinlwhomImostidenti兢ashejsclosesttomyownsensibil时abommoralproblems’，(Ja倚ey1)．Momson’sdisapproValofisolationiscompletelyreVealed．“Isoladonis血enecessa巧requireInent氨"thedestmctionofmeirparadise”(Lellrer1998)．Thepast酉。巧ofParadiseRubyisgone；instead，metownisindismption：Amomerisknockedbyherc01ddaughter；aflamilyhasgotfourdeformedchildren；daughtersstayinbed6的mdaytoni曲t；bridesescapeonthe．rhoneymoon；twobromersshoteachottleronNewY-ear；shotsbecomecommontheroad．WhatisworSe，t11eeldersca衄otcontrolt11eirtlAitorouschildren．Theyoungopenlyde母meNewFathersandmoveoutoft11eto、Ⅳn．F撇iliesareat廿1eendoftheirlines．TheNewFaⅡlersaresopanickythattlleyareindesperateneedofawaytoeaSetlleirfbar．Hence，theycastmeireyestomewomenintheConVent．“Theym印peddefenseinsteada11dhonedeVidenceforitsneed，tilleachpiecefitaJlalreadypoliShedgrooVe”(Morrison，尸臼朋比妃l73)．Themenbl锄eall山eirplightstothewomeninsteadoflo出ngforproblemsin69 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecominganEanhlyParadisethemselVes．Havingfailedt0perSuadethewomentoleaVe，ninemenareo玛anizedtointrudetheConVent．‘‘Likebootc锄precmits，1ikeinVaderSpr印aringforslau曲ter，theyweretheretoraVe，toheatthebloodortumiticiclecoldt11ebettertoexecutememission”(Mo耐son，凡zm如B176)．Infact，insteadofplanningtodismissthewitchesandrestoreRuby’sbeau坝theseinvadershavemeirsecretpu印oses：0neisforlaJldsoftheConvent；oneforreVengingthewomanwhokickshimoutofbed；oneforerasingmeshameofbreakingupwithaforeigngirl；oneforareasontoexplainthe10ssofcontroloVerhischildrenandtwoforregainingtheirautllori吼Amledwithguns，themenexecutemeVi01entannihilation．7I'heyhaVeachieVedwhattheyw眦：twowomendieandtherestdis印pear；theConVentisdil印idated．SincetheeVidenceoftheassaultisinVisible：nobodiesarefound．themurderersareaccusedofnocrime．“Theraidresemblesafortunatefall，anecessary100seningoft11erepressiVebindingsofthetown’sideologyjaneededj01t丘omthetoWn’scomplacency”(Page647)．Theconsequenceisdistinct，anyway．Theresidentsare‘‘chewingtlleproblem：askingGodforguidanceift11ey、vere、^，rong[．．‘】thedimcultieschumedandblame，prayersforunder8taJldingaJldfo唱iVeness[⋯】”(Mo币son，P日md妇P188)．ThemostobViousdeVelopmentiswiththeMo玛anbrothers，thetwomanipulatorsofthemurder．Theyusedtoa掣eeonalmosteve巧thing：70 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecomingaIlE枷llyParadise“eachknewtheomer’sthoughtsaswellasheknewhisfaceandonly0ncei11awhileneeded恤con丘mationofaglaIlce’’(Morrison，砌阳咖298)．ButnowtheirdistinguiShingfIeaturesareerodingandt11einsidedi舵renceisappe柚g．Ste、vard，insolentanduIl印ologetic，concentI纵esonacculnulatir培11iswealⅡ1．DeaconMo唱anist11eonewhohaSchangedmemost．Hisbaref．00twall(onmestl七etsurprisesallmecitizensbecause“ithadbeenatleastadecadesincet11esolesofhisshoes．1etalonehisbarefeet，hadtouchedmat舢chconcrete”(Morrison，砌阳如g189)．HemakeshiswaytoIUch￡盯dMisner’shousewhereheconversateswithMisnera11dconfesseshisan’airs．Hetall(saboutt11esto巧ofhis鲫ld鼬erZechariahWhochaIlgedhisn锄e舶mCo行ee．Co髓eandhistWinbmmerTeawereclosed．Whent|1eywerewalkingonthestreet，somewhitemen，amusedbythedoublefaces，encouragedt圭1emtodance．TbaaccommodatedmewhiteseVentlloughhewasoldermant11eywerewhileCoffeeremsedandtookabulletinhisfoot．Fromthatmomem．metwillswerenotbrotllersarlymore．Deaconiscon如sedwhyCo舒．eechoseto百Vehisbrotherup．NowitdawnsonhimmatCoffeesawsomething恤atashamedhim．T11erefore，Cof．feewento行andneVerspoketo1’eaagmn．Deaconusest11esto巧toconveyhisdoubts：whetherheshouldbreakwitllStewardwhoheisaShamedo￡mchardresponses：‘‘Lackofwords．LaCkoffo酉Veness．LackofloVe．T0loseabr0恤risahardming．T07l 万方数据M．A．nlesisChapter3BecomingaflEanhlyParadisechooseto10seone，well，that’sworsethaJltheoriginalshame’’(Mo玎ison，砌M苏P190)．硒chardherehintsthateveWonehaSarighttobef．0玛iVenand10vecaJlworkⅡlingsout．Havingbeeninde印thoughtfora10ngtime，Deaconfinallygraspsitandanswersthatthereisa10ngwayforhimtogo．Indeed，itisalongwaytoco玎ectpeople’sbehaviorsandhelpthemtoamendthemselVeswithmehelpofloVe．LoVecanbeandshouldbethekeytoeVe巧problem．‘‘Deacon’sneedtogrowonhisownbeyondhisbondwithStewardsymbolizesthet0Wn’sneedtogrowbeyonditsconfiningbondwithitslegend”(Page647)．NotonlyDeaconbutalsoRubyhasalongwaytogo．ThedeathofSweeite’sdefo姗edchildSave-Mauriebreaksthemythofimmortali吼whichis也ebeginningofRuby’songoingrenewalandamelioration．MisnerbelievesthatRubysoonwillbe1ikeanyothercoum巧townwhere‘‘theyoungthinkingofelsewhere；theold如llofregret’’(Morrison，Rz朋勰gl92)．Itbeginstoremainopentornultiplici够HavefelthopeandforeseenapositiVeprospect：“therewasnobetterbattletofight，nobetterplacetobethan锄ongtheseou仃ageouslybeauti如l，naweda11dproundpeople’’(Morrison，f切阳如gl93)，Misnerdecidest0stayinthetownwheremortalityisnewandbinhisnot．Thebri出fIltureofRubyisnot协away． 万方数据M．A．ThesisChaptcr3BecominganEanhlyParadise3．2EmbraceofFlow：aRealParadise“TbbecomeisneVertoimitate，norto‘dolike’，nortoconfonntoamodel，whetheritisofjusticeoroftmtll．Thereisnote啪jnus丘Dmwhichyousetout，nonew11ichyouachieVeatorwhichyououghttoa币Veat”(DeleuZe&Guatt撕，彳订肛Ck碱矽淞2)．Similarly，tobecomeaparadiseisneVertoimitateParadise．ParadiseisanidealconceptofexclusiVity，stabilityandisolation．Ruby’amimicofParadise，f-reezesinitsownstasis．Withnochange，itbecomes“akindoflivingdeath’’(widdowson2315)．Contrarily'theConVentneVerdeliberatelyconsmJctsautopiaor各bidesbyanyide0109y．Itinsteadchoosesf}eedeVelopment，thusmakingitarealparamseforwomen．’roniMorrisonexplores‘‘adialecticbetweenmemo巧andfo曙etting”(Gauthier400)inthenoVel，TheRubyitesaswellasthewomenintheConVemhaveexperiencedahisto巧oftrauma．WhiletheRubyitesareobsessedinttleirpasthistory，thewomendealwimtheirpaStandlookf．o州ardthe如ture．PeterWiddowsonref．erStoaf．aCtinhis“AmericanDre锄Refashioned”：也efactof“notfo唱etcingone’shisto巧andsimultaneouslyofnotbeingimprisonedbyitina、硼ymatblocksme凡ture”(Widdowson2315)．Histo科intheConvemplaysanunnecessarilyimportaIltr0Ieinthewomen’slife．Ifthehisto巧ofRubyistheDisallowing，thehiSto科ofthewomanis73 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecominganEarthlyParadiseoneofphysicalabuseandpsycholo百caltrauma．Thepastexperiencesaresopain向1thattheyc籼ott01eratea11dt量1uske印themclosesttotlleheart．Mavisimmediatelyke印ssilentwhenCons01ataasksher廿1atwhosemothersheis．Shere如sestotalkaboutt11edeamofherbabytwins．Itseemstohert11ather铆insstaytogetllerwithher．ShecaJlhearthemc吼lau曲andsingeVe巧night．Sortofdelirious，SheisinllIlersedinthef-antasiesthathertwinscallwalkort11eygrowuporthey、张ntChristmaspresems．111e胁tasiesareatestimonyofMaVis’sine删cablewoulld．Gigicannothelpconnecting锄ybloodpictLJreswiththebleedingboyinaracialriot．Thebleedingboyhauntsonherforyears．InordertorelieVe，shelikesto吼dressandirritateMaVistofightwithher．Cl印pingtheaw如lbathwatercancalmherdowna11dsheisaccustomedtowhisperintopalmswhenalone．Shetriestofinddifrerentwaystodissipatetheshadowmebleedingboycastsonhermind．Whenc巧ingcanbeause向1wayto1etoffpains，GigineVercries．‘‘EVennow，whensherealizedshehadnotapproVedofherselfinalongtime，hereyesweredesen_sl(ulldⅨ”(Morrison，砌m如P164)Senecaisnotagirloftears，either．SheneVerdropsatearevenwhenhermotherabandonsher．Shele锄stopleaseotherssinceshedeemsitishernaughtinessthatmakeshermotherleaVe．Sheknows‘‘whataIlgerlooked1ikebuthadnoidea、Vhatitmightfeellike”(MoITison，—P口，．口c打§口74 万方数据M．A．Thesjsch印ter3Becominga11E珊llyParadise102)．Sheappearsto1墩eeve哆bodyaJldobey甜1yorders．“Sheprefen．edtraVelingresolutelynowhere，C10singoff矗．omsocie吼hidden锄ongquitecargos．’’(M耐son，砌阳如g89)Seeminglysheisaquietgirl．SheVi咖a11yisparalyzedwith仃aumasinside．Slic堍herbodyisawaytoreleasehersoreness．WhenarrivesinmeC0nVem，Pallasisu11abletospeak．HerVocalcordsdonotwork；hersoundis‘‘1ikeakeyt哕ingtotumint11e、vTong10ck'’morrison，忍懈枥81l1)．InthefirstttlreedaysintlleConVent，shesignalsandwalltsnothingsmce‘‘thepainisd01IvIlt00far，’(Momson，_Pam如Pl09)，PallasisseriouslyhurtsothatwhenherVoicehasretumed，“thewordstosayhersh锄ecluIlglikepolypsinherthroat”(Mo玎ison，砌，．口c加g114)．Later，whenshegoesbacktoherhome，shec踟ottoleratemehum订iationfromherclassmatesa11dherfhmer．Sheeatsdisorderly．Shethenretumsto廿1eConVentwhereshecanc巧whenevershe1il(eswithDutanye)【plallation．CDnsolataisamiserablewomanwhohaSe)【periencedt、Ⅳoaballdo唧ents，oneisherlover’sesc印eandt11e0therhermother．1ikeM哪’sdeam．Sheiso咖anedinaway‘‘herr叩etotheworldhadslid＆omherfingerS”(Mo埘son，凡眦如gl57)．Unablet0getthrou业t11erou曲period，sheprisonsherselfintlledarkcellarandbecomesaJlalcoh01ic．Whenwineisnothelpmlindispellingherloneness，sheis如llofa嘶11l(er’smalice，“埘shingshehadt11estrengthtobeatthelifeoutof75 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter3BecomingaIlEanhlyPa珊iisethewomen6．ee一10adingint王1eh叫se”(Morrison，，切阳以蛇157)．Whatismore，“onherworstdays，whentllemawofd印ressionsoiledthecleand戤hess，shewantedto虹11themall’’(Morrison，几朋如P140)．Consolata’spreferencet0prisonlifeaIldbadtempercanbeexplainedbyherunspe出ablet跚mainside．ToConsolata，meyaree疏ctiVeinesc印ingf．romthereali锣andsuppressinggreatsorrowinmeheart．Bitterasthehisto拶is，t11efiVewomenneVera110w“topreoccupytheirpresent1ife．They1eamtonegotiatewithpastexperienceswiththehelpofCons01atawhentheydarenottofaceitatfirst．Cons01ataist11efirstone、Ⅳhorealizesthattheyshouldnotbelockedupbytheirpastsincetheyarealreadyitsvictims．TakingoffherglassesthatcancoVerherawmleyes抒omtheoutsideworld，Consolatamanagestotestifyhercouragetofaceupthetr{狺icpastaswenasahope如1present．Undressandlyingontheground，theybeginlouddreaming．Louddre锄ingisToniMorrison’sexperiment．Shesucceedsin‘‘conveyingt11ehauntinganddriVenqual埘of订aumaticandhumiliatedmemo巧asshedepictsthe‘rememories’——thatis，spomaneousrecullrenceoft11epast_——．matplagueherchar．acter，’(J．BrookBouson124)．“Half-talesaIldthenever．dre锄edesc叩edf．romtheir1ips”(Momson，Pcz阳d曲P167)．Unconsciouslytheytalkabouttheircons乜面nedpast1iVes．Moreover，theyeasilyenterintothedreamer’staleaIldparticipateintIledre锄er’s1i诧．TheyareemagedattheeXplosionoftheirstoriesaIldo虢ndedby76 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter3Becominga】1EarthlyParad&o也erS’engagement．Thet111thisthattheysubmitto也emeansofcommunicatiIlgwimt11epast．IIllouddre锄ing，on也eonehand，吐leyuIlburdenmemselVesofmeir仃a啪atichist0巧；onmeo廿1erhand，aseacho如ertalkS，也eomersenterimoherstory，in如UenlpatIlyaIldidentificationwimher．‘‘Inmismutualmerapy锄d乜孤scendentgroupinte印retation，nleypassbeyondmeboulld撕esofindividualandot}ler，lifeaIlddeam”(Page645)．册enspeakingoutthetmuIllade印inside，ttleytogemerhealt11emselVesandregaillsereni吼IndifI’erenttothepast，theyareneVerha岫tedbyni曲tIllares；i11stead，t11eycreateanEdenic1i南there．Notears，nonoise，noconnictsbutoIllypeace，comfonandcare．AsPhilipPagesays，tlleConventhastraIlsfonned“丘omchaotic矗agmentationtoaliberating如sion，，(Page646)．LoVeisthetraditionoftheConVem．Whent11eyarriveonebyone，thenewcomeristakengoodcareofbyherpredecessors．Senecafeelscomfortableinherfirststaythere．MavisandGigi，t11efirStresidents，cookR'rheraIlddonotpⅨ‘‘OmerthandiscussiIlghern锄e—-Wbere’dshegetit?—TheybehaVedaStlloughmeyknewallaboutherandwerehappyforhertostay’’(Morrison，胁如884)．Later，whenshewantsanap，theyshowhertoabedroom．Mavisevenaskswhatshewouldm汜toeatfordi埘1er．PallaScatchesaterriblefeverwhenshearrives．The、vomenarenotfedupwithherspeechlessnessandc巧ing．Withoutcomplain吨，theylookaRerheraIldeven址ehertoK．D．’swedd啦77 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecominganE矾hlyPafadisepanyinordertocheerherup．Consolatadoesnotcompelhertotalk；instead，shepatiently1istenstoPallas，whethertherearebrokenwordsorsobs．Itisits10Vingarldf．reeenViro衄entthat撕actsitsresidents．‘‘Eachoneaskingpennissionto1ingeraf．ewdaysbutneVeractllaⅡyleaVing”(Morrison，砌加如P139)．HaVingdis印pearedforawhile，t11eyalwayscomebacktostayon．TheConvent印pearst0tIlemthemostsatisfacto巧placeintheworld．7rheyaresogenerousthattheyloVenotonlymeir衔endsbutalsomosewhostopby-“Theytookpeopleinlostfolkorfoll(swhoneededarest”(Mo玎ison，砌朋如P5)．111eVisitorsarewannlywelcomedwithloVeandproVided“wim妇ndnessa11dVe巧goodfood”(5)．ThefolksinRubyinwardlyconsidertheirneighborsarestraJlgebuthamlless，andoccasionallyhelp如1．Ihby’swomenareits仔equentVisitors．Infact，itisthewomen、^，howalktheroadbetweent11eConventandRubv．Kindsofwomen．“Backandfo曲，backandforth：c巧ingwomen，staringwornen，scowling，lip-bitingwomenorwomenjustplailllost'’(Mo仃ison，助，饿加g170)．ContentwithmeteIllporaure如gee，theydragt11eirson．0wupanddownt11eroad．Sinceyoung，Soanebeginst0gototheConVenttlloughherfirstVisitisnotsopleasant．Att11attime，shet11reatensConsolatatogetaway仔omherhusband．M锄yyearslater'shecomestotheC0nVentagainaJldthaIll(sConsolataforsaVingherboy’s1ife．Frommenon，herVisitismore78 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecominganEarthlyParadise舶quem，alwaysb血giIlgsomecoobesorglassesforC0nsolata．Shemakesgood衔endSwittlConsolata．Soanec锄ottolerateanyinsuht0tlleConVentwomen，evenherhusbandandhersister．nisshetllatinvitesC0nsolataalldtlleConVentgirlstohern印hew’sweddingp锄y．Different丘．omSoane，Amettelool(Sf．0raplaCewhereshecangivebirdlwitlloutpeople’snoticebecausesheissoyoungand啪arried．Theyquiethera11dadVisehertowaithertime．Ifshew甜ltsto，shecaJldeliVert11ere．TheConVentwomenaresoh印pytowelcomeanewbaby：“MaviswaSjubilant，GraCe锄used．111eyt00k恤fieldremanddroveofrtosh叩fIortlleexpectednewbom，retunlingw油bootiesaJlddiapersaIlddollsenou曲foral(inde玛anen，’(Morrison，nm加P159)．However，廿leyour培motherisrutmessenoughtobitherstomaChandrepeatedlyinsertmemophandlebetv旧enherlegs，whichresultsherboy’sprematurebintl．加1letteleavesassoonasheisbom，haVingnevertouched，glancedat，i11quiredafterorn锄edhiIll．Itismewomen、池ogivet11epoorbabygreetiI唱，embrace，10VeaJldn锄ebeforehediesinafewdays．HaVingbeenheavilyknockedbyhermotller，DeliaBeStesc印estotheConVem．Theyarenicetoher，11icert11anhermotllerandt11eRubyites．TheyhavegiVenherw锄l【indness．Theyaresoconsiderate也attlleyproVideheraglassofwineandslicecucumberonherbmisedfaceandswolleneyes．‘‘Nooneinsistedonhe撕ngwhatdrovet11ere，butshecouldteUt11eywould1istenifshewantedt11emto．’’(Mo玎ison，忍阳如日l93)79 万方数据M．A．ThesisCh印ter3BecomingarIEarthlyParadiseToDelia，thegirlstherearespecial．Their100senessandeasinessimpressesandenlightensher．Shehasanewunderstalldingofself-valuewhichencourageshertofindajobint11ec时andeVenbuyacaranddIIiVeanywhereshewams．TheConventisanidealplaCe、Ⅳhereonecancollectitselfandt11ihkt11ingsthrough，witIlnomir坞ornobodybo廿1eringallt11etime．Thatis、vhyshesendsmepitimlPallastIlere．ARertIlemassacre，sheis‘‘theonlyoneiIltownwho、Ⅳasnotpuzzledbywherethe、vomenwereorconCemedabouthowtlleydis印peared’’(Morrison，砌阳如P193)．姗atshecaresaboutisthatwhen廿leywillretLlnlandre印pe虬Itseemstoherthatmewomenthereareheronly衔ends．Contrqt0Rubywhereonly8一rocksareitseligibleresidents，meConVentneVerconfinestoskincolor．Consolataisnotapureblack；shehas“smoky，sundownsHn’’(Morrison，P口r优如el40)．Billeisli曲t-sl(illlled．The叩eningsentenceinthen0Vel“theyshoott11e、ⅣhitegirlfirSt，’(Morrison，砌阳锨g1)suggeststhereisonewhitegirlt110ughherident时isnotcle札ToniMorrisongiVesnoinf01mationaboutmewhitegirlbecausesheholdstIlataperson’sraceistlleleaStinsignificantfactor、vhen0necon仔ontsanother(R0se3)．CandiceM．JenkinsgiVeshispointsinracialproblemslying协t11esto巧：ThefactthatI沁byisana11．blacktownandt11eConventisraciallyintegratedbyatleastone“whitegirl’’矗lrmer80 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BccominganEanhlyParadisesupportsmisbinaryaIldsuggeststhat翰r俄掘8intentionallyoVerl印stheinten的g撕onof(black)patriarchyw油t11einterrogationofafomofnationalismobsessedwimracialexclusion．(JenkiIlS275)TheConventopensitsdoortoeVe巧onedespiteofllisorhersl【inc010r．Itsi11clusivenessbringsinmultiplici够andmobilityt11athelpst0buildadynamiccommuni妙TheappealingConventcaterSt0itsViSitorS．ToMavis，itis‘蚀emoStpeace如lplaceonearth’’(Morrison，，切m如8117)．ToPallas，“thewholehousefeltpemeatedwitllablessedmalelesSness，likeaproteCtdomain，骶eofhunterSbutexcitingtoo”(Mo玎ison，砌朋如gll2)．ToBille，itismesaf．esthouse．TbLone，吐Iereisnoomerplace“leftwortlltraVelingto’’(Morrison，Az朋以y8170)int11ewodd．T0women，itisanidealplacet0resolVed印ressionandpain．HoweVer，t0mep撕arc王1SinRuby’mehousewherewomenchoosetll锄selVesforcomp龇1yandkeepaway舶mmenis‘‘tosaynotaconVentbutacoVent，’(MoHison，砌阳如e174)．Thei衄ocent，kinda11dhelp如1womenarecalledbytIlem“bitches，more1il【ewitChes’’(M0rrison，砌阳如8l74)．Their妇1血essis“allalie，a行om，acare向llypl锄eddisguiseforwhatwaSreallygoiIlgon”(Momson，砌阳如P5)．TheConventwhere“reVolt堍sex，deceit，aJldtlleslytonl鹏ofchildren’’(Morrison，AIM沈陀4)happenissuchaIleV订8l 万方数据M．AThesisCh印ter3BecominganEanhlyParadisethatmeyshoulderadicateassoonaspossible．Thep嘶archsmaketheu坷ustaccusationt0strategicallyShiRtheircitizens’a_ttentionwhilet11eIhbyitesarepe巾lexedaboutrecentdisastersandsuspiciousofmeirparadise．Hence，t11ewomenareemployedtobesc印egoats．TheFathersconcludemat“onethingthatconcemedallthesecatastropheswasinnleC0nVent．Andint11eConVent、verethosewomen’’(Mo玎ison，尸c7m威兜6)．Therefore，the仃agedyhappens．111efiVeimocentwomenareviolentlydismissed，t1^，oofthemdyingofshot．N‰gShourenanalyzesthebmtalmassacreinhisbook．Inhispoint，theattacktothe、№menbelongingtoanotherworldisaJleruptionoftheirlong—suppressedspidtandanoutcomeoftheirhelplessnessintensifiedbyanxiet)r(Wang180)．Therearel(indsofeditionsofthemurder．WhilethemenattempttocleartheirnamebytakingadV枷ageoffinefictionalstories，theRubywomenwithholdthetmth．Billiedenouncesthesemen‘‘whohadseeninliVely，fke，unamedfemalesthemutinyofthemaresandsogotridofthem”(Mollrison，砌m咖P194)．P撕ciahasacompleteandexplicitverdict．HerversioniscloseSttometnJth：thenine8．rocksmurderfivei衄ocentwomenbecause“(a)thewomenwereimpure(not8-rock)；(b)thewomenwereunholy(fomicatorSatthe1east，abortionistsatmost)；and(c)theycould．—。whichwaswhatbeinga118一rockmeanttothemandwasalsowhatthe‘deal’required”(Morrison，儿阳如gl87)．WheninterviewedbyCec订Brown，Morrisonexplainsthat“Mostof82 万方数据M．A．T1lesisCh印ter3BecOminga11EarthlyParadisemynoVelsareVe巧muchlikefolktaleendings。Itisopen-endedfolHorictales，sortof0pen—ended；theydon’tcloseandshutthedoor，’(Brown455)．Insuchawayshedealswi也theConventwomen．rnlewhereabo吣ofmeConVentwomenremainaIlenigma．Theconventisemp劬“no“ngrecentlylived-in曲outt11eplace”(MorriS0n，乒么凇d弧2190)．Itishardt0tellt11eendil喀sto巧ofthe(沁11Ventwomenisa出e锄orareali何MaVismeetsherdaughterinamotelwheretheychataIldkissgpodbye．Gi百encountersherf．atllerwhostaysinprisonforyearsandmisseshisdaughterVe巧much．GigipromisestoSendI鲋ersorVisitkmaslongaStimeisaVailable．Senecareconcilesw泔1hermotherwhentheymeet；shesays“eVe巧onemakesmistakes”(Morrison，凡嘲兹粥202)．Pallasgoesbacktohermother’shousewimherbaby，ta妇nghefshoesawaywhenhermotIlerispaintingPallas’sfigure．T0niMo玎isonsaysthatsheaskedherselfoVera11doVerw．}letllerduringt11eraidtIleoDnventgirlsescapedordied，a11dshefinallyrealiZedmatitwaSbotll(RDse5)．The撇bigui锁t0someextent，symbolizesMorrison’spref．erencet0multiplic姆(Page638)．Sheinv“esreaderstoimagineandc伽叩letemeendingwhichcaIlsatis匆mosemost，neVerforcingthemtoacceptwhatisalreadysetup．ndoesnotmattermatwhath印pento也eC0nventwomen．WhatmatterSistheessenceofparadisematM叫isontriest0present．AparadiseisaIlyth访gbutaperfectplacet11atpemitsonlyh印piIlessa11dpeace．IIlStead，itcalltolerateacollisionofideaSaIlda如sionoftlleoldaJld廿le83 万方数据M．A．ThesisChapter3BecomingarIEarthlyParadisenew．Bytahngawaytheevidencesoftheraid，thewomengiVeRuby“asecondchance”(Mo玎ison，Pan：姗P187)．Thetownwhichusedtoh01donitsillusionofanexclusiVeparadisebeginstoopenitsdoora11dembracetheoutsideworld．ThepicturedBawnbyMisnerdefinitelywillsooncometme：RogerBestopenhisgasstationandmereareroadslayiI培be铆eenRubyandothertowns．outsiderscomeandgoandeatsandwichorhavedinnerinRuby．TVentersintopeople’shouse．111eycandiscussthecun．enta胁irsa11denjoyentertai呦entprograms． 万方数据M．A．ThesisConclusionThereisnodoubtthatToniMorrison’schangingmen锄eofthenovel仔om‘‘W-ar’’to‘‘Paradise’’isasuccess．Indeed，whatthenovelnarratesisnotmewarbetweenmena11dwomen，betweenf沁byandtheConvent．Instead，itdescribestheblacks’drI蓦amofbuildinganearthlyp甜adiseandtheire岱)rtstopreseⅣeit．Du“ngthepmcess，theirdeterritorializationandreteHitorializationarethought—proVobng．AccordingtoDeleuzeandGa删甜i’sspacetheoⅨdeterritodlizationaJlditsconcomitaJltreterritorializationaretwo0ppositehallmarksofthes锄eprocedure(ChenY-ongguo11)．TheyinterwoVensotightlythatitisimpossibletoseparateone仔omtheother．Ⅵmiledeterritorializationstrugglestobreaktraditionalcodification，reterritodalization，followed，establishesmeirsocialiIlstitutions．Inotherwords，deterritorializationofrersthepossibilityofesc印ingf1．0mwhat“one”shouldbe，whenreterritorializationcreatest11echanceofbeing“another，’．Sufferingf．romracialdiscriminationofthewhitesandlight-sl(iIuledpeople，Morrison’scharacterS8一rocksu11dotheirsociallabelsasinferiorsbydetellrito“alizingwhitesupremacism．Theyclaimtheir仔eedomand85 万方数据M．A．ThesisConcIusiOnindependencebyconstmctingana11_blackutopianco舢muni妙HoweVer，meire肋nt0preseⅣeaparadise-1i1(elifeisi11Vain．Thetownisgovemedbyrigid11】les：mythicizedhistoly'patriarchy；“one-drop”bloodmleand，worse，totalisolation，whichmakesitstaSisinChaIlgesaIld90esco力1】ption．Itsneighbor，meConVent，howeVer，isasuccess．Esc印ing仔omracialoppressionandsexualabuse，thefiVedispossessedwomenstananewlifbinmeConventandmakeadralnatic缸{msf．omlationinpersonalit)，andspirit．TheyneVerhuITytorete玎itorialize；instead，byreconcilingwithtm啪aticexperiencesandclaimingselfidenti劬theybecomelinesofnightthatbreakmecageoftraditionalcodification甜1dthereforegenerateslifeforce．FunofVitali劬theConVemisnotonlyaparadiseforitsresidentsbutalsoformosewhoneedare如geetotemporarilynee仔omtheirsuffocatinglife．Regardlessofbackground，race，skincolor，peoplearew锄lywelcomedintheConVent．Byskill向llyjuxt叩osingmeStoriesofRubyaIldt11eConVe鸲T0niMoHison，asablack，makesherVoicesinhowt0deVelopt11eblackcommuni够andm“herthehumanrace．Flowunderliesprosperousand1astingdevelopment．ItisinadVisablet0isolate仔omtheoutsideworldinordertoavoidhurts．ThepolicyofexclusiVityaJldisolationbringnoprogressbutdegeneration．Rubyisdesignedt0illus昀tethedoomedf．ailureofaclosedcommunity．BlackraCeshouldpositiVelyimegrateintotheeXteriorworld，makingits怕ngera11dmorepower如lbyVirtueoftIle86 万方数据M．A．ThesisConclusjonabso印tionofotherraces’adVallt乏喀es．‘‘Themmrebelongstomeimpure．The鼢ebelongstomosewhoarereadytota|(einabitoftheomer，aSwellaSbe堍whatmeyt11emselVesare”(Hall270)．Thereisa研咖‰re1yinginblackracewhenmey锄bracearacialmsion．WhenrefIe玎ij培tomisnoVel，Morrisonmanagestopr0Videthepossibil时ofreimaginiI培paradise．InMorrison’sperSpectiVe，thetraditionalde血itionofparaldiseisna肿w．AnideaIp鳅Idiseissupposedtoallowonlyacertailll(iIldofpeopIetoentertIlereforeh印p访esscanbepreseⅣed。SheadVisest0regammeplanetasaparadise．TheneVe搿onecanhaVeaccesstoit．niswrongtodiVideone矗omtheo也erordefinewhoarequalifiedandwhoarenot．AsherspokesmanM．isnersays，“Godhasonepe叩le”(Morrison，砌阳d沁78)；“weliVeintheworld，t11ewholeworld’’(Morrison，砌，．以如e133)．Flowisthetrendoft11ewoddandinclusiVenesst11eonlyoptionoft11eprogressofh嘲ani够EVe巧indiVidual，eVe巧raceaIldeVeWnationcanbeandShouldbethequalifiedresidentsintheparadise—likeplanetwhereflowpenneateseVer”Ⅳhere． 万方数据M．A．nlesisNotesl。Allthecitation丘omj切，讼c抵einthethesisaref’romtheedmonwhichwaspublishedin1999bythePressofⅥntageRandomHouseinLondon．2。彳珂f扛0咖觑sorthemUnalne，么玎巧一(脚i“s：Cj印f勉Z豇撒口”d&办扬印灰彻2妞is埘ittenbyGillesDeleuzeandFelixGuattariinl972．ItisthefirstVolumeof唧妇凰川以职d&办垃叩办愆托妇．ItanalysestherelationShipofdesiretoreal埘andtocapitalistinp矾cular．neconceptof‘‘Desiringmachines’’isintroducedinthebook．Itcrea绝stheconceptSofbin撕es，includingmolar／molecular，paranoi出schizoph嫩lic，anddeterrito“alization／reterrit0订alization。3．42％D稚s口挖矗P纭把口“s，publishedinl980，isthesecondVohjmeofC印i幻舾m日栉d＆办之印办愆玎纽andthesuccessorof4狞癌0却f“s．BrianMassumiobserVest11ebookdi日’ersfj∞m么”班C弛甲f“sinawaythesuccessoris“lessacritiqueth越asustained，constructiVeexperimentinschizophrenic，or‘nomad’，thou曲t，’inhisbook彳酞gr台G“f如幻C叠pf搬Z趣聊a船矗|5台忽红c￥派}℃疗妇?JD2Vf“fiD砼s。7沁mDefP优zP日疗dG“Dff口rf(Massachusetts：MITPress，l993)．ncontinuestoeXploretheconc印tsof88 万方数据M．A．ThesisNotesbiIl撕esbutonthesurfaceofadeeperfieldwithmorecomplicatedandnmltidimensionaldyn引：11ics．4．OedipuscoInplex，atemputforwardbySigmundFreud，denotestheemotionsandideasthatt11emindkeepsiIlt11eunconscious，viadyn锄icrepression，也atconcen仃atesuponaChild’sdesntosexuallypossesstheparentoftlleoppositesex．Themech觚ismoft11eOedipuscoIIlplexencouragesi11diVidualstorepresstlleirdesiresomatmeycaIlbetllenomlalones．HoweVer，DeleuzeandGua搬丽opposetherepressionofdesires．TheybelieVetllereleauseofiIl出Vidualdesire，ormepursuitofnowofdesire，iswhatthesociet)rshouldencourage．Itismenowofdesiret11atpushesindiVidualsandmesocie够forward．Thatishowt11enameof也eirbook4，2小(砣却淞comes．5．ThethesisowesmuchtoRussellWestPaVlov’s跏cP加砀8咧j胁妇把Ⅷ，凡甜∞砒眈如脚(2009)．111ebookishelpmlinela．boratingmeconc印tsofDeleuzeandGuattari’sspacet11eo巧int11emesismorecledy-ItseekstogiVeadetailedbutsuCcinctoverviewofmeroleofspatialrenectionint11reeofthemostinnuentialFrenchcriticalmilll(ersofrecentdecades．DeleuzeandGuatt撕’sspacetlleo巧isoneof也emostimpommtchaptersinmebook． 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