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大小:1.52 MB
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时间:2019-01-31
《从跨文化的角度分析中美员工在冲突管理过程中的差异》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、2.1CultureChapter2LiteratureReview2.1.1cultureDefinedCultureisoneofthemostoftendefinedconceptsinsocialsciencefield.Ingeneral,itrefersto“civilization”.Inparticular,itcallbeasspecificasopera,art,andballet(LarryA.SamovarandRichardE.Porter1995:23)Sincecukureisubiquitous,
2、multidimensional,complexandpervasive,itishardtogiveanexactdefinitiontoit.Afterstudyingmorethanonehundreddefinitions,KroeberandKluckhohnofferedoneofthemostcomprehensiveandwell.knowndefinitions:‘Cultureconsistsofpattems,explicitandimplicit,ofandforbehavioracquiredandtr
3、ansmittedbysymbols,constitutingthedistinctiveachievementofhumangroups,includingtheirembodimentinartifacts;TheessentialCOreofcultureconsistsoftraditional(i.e.historicallyderivedandselected)ideasandespeciallytheirattachedvalues;culturesystemsmay,ontheonehandbeconsidere
4、dasproductsofaction,ontheotber’asconditioningelementsforfutureactions.’(StephanDahl1999:w、wstephan.dahl.at/intercultural/about_culture.html)Fromtheabovedefinition,welearnthat1)Culturedeterminesone’sperceptionoftheworldandshapesone’swordsandbehaviors2)“Cultureislearne
5、d,notinberited.Itderivesfromone’Senvironment.notfromone’sgenes."(Hofstede,1997:5)Apersonlearnshiscultureinmanywaysandfromvarioussources,likefamily,folktales,andart,ere,bothconsciouslyandunconsciously3)CultureistransmittedfromonegenerationtoanotheLForaculturetoexist,i
6、tmustensurethatitsCOreCOntentispassedon.Anybreakinthetransmissionprocesspossiblyleadstothedisappearanceofaculture.4)Cultureisshared.Itisacollectivephenomenon.Atleastagroupofpeoplewholiveinthesamesocialenvironmentacceptcertainculture.TheyagreetospeakandbehaveaS4thecul
7、tureregulates5)Cultureissubjecttochange.Cultureisadynamicphenomenonandthereforeissubjecttochangewithcross—culturalcontactanddevelopmentofhumansociety.However,itshouldbenotedthatalthoughmanyaspectsofculturearesubjecttochange,thedeepstruclureofacultureresistsmajoralter
8、ations.2.1.2Hofstede'sCulturaiDimensions“CultureislikeakindofsoRwareinmind.Aperson’Sthinkingpattem,feeling,andactingareprogrammedby
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