Aperture Digital Photography.pdf

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1、ApertureDigitalPhotographyFundamentalsKAppleComputer,Inc.©2005AppleComputer,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedforcommercialpurposes,suchassellingcopiesofthispublicationorforprovidingpaidforsupportservices.Everyefforthasbeenmadetoensurethattheinformationinthism

2、anualisaccurate.Appleisnotresponsibleforprintingorclericalerrors.TheApplelogoisatrademarkofAppleComputer,Inc.,registeredintheU.S.andothercountries.Useofthe“keyboard”Applelogo(Option-Shift-K)forcommercialpurposeswithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofApplemayconstitutetrademarkinfringementandunfaircompetiti

3、oninviolationoffederalandstatelaws.Apple,theApplelogo,AppleCinemaDisplayandColorSyncaretrademarksofAppleComputer,Inc.,registeredintheU.S.andothercountries.ApertureisatrademarkofAppleComputer,Inc.1ContentsPreface5AnIntroductiontoDigitalPhotographyFundamentalsChapter17HowDigitalCamerasCaptureImages7T

4、ypesofDigitalCameras8DigitalSingle-LensReflex(DSLR)9DigitalRangefinder11CameraComponentsandConcepts11Lens12UnderstandingLensMultiplicationwithDSLRs14UnderstandingDigitalZoom14Aperture15UnderstandingLensSpeed16Shutter17UsingReciprocitytoComposeYourImage17DigitalImageSensor20MemoryCard20ExternalFlash

5、21UnderstandingRAW,JPEG,andTIFF21RAW21WhyShootRAWFiles?22JPEG22TIFF22ShootingTips22ReducingCameraShake23MinimizingRed-EyeinYourPhotos25ReducingDigitalNoiseChapter227HowDigitalImagesAreDisplayed27TheHumanEye’sSubjectiveViewofColor29UnderstandingHowtheEyeSeesLightandColor30SourcesofLight30TheColorTem

6、peratureofLight31HowWhiteBalanceEstablishesColorTemperature331MeasuringtheIntensityofLight32BracketingtheExposureofanImage33UnderstandingHowaDigitalImageIsDisplayed33Additivevs.SubtractiveColor34UnderstandingColorGamut34DisplayingImagesOnscreen35TheImportanceofColorCalibratingYourDisplay35AppleCine

7、maDisplaysAreProofPerfect36DisplayingImagesinPrint36PrinterTypesChapter337UnderstandingResolution37DemystifyingResolution37LearningAboutPixels38LearningAboutBitDepth40HowResolutionMeasurementChangesfromDevi