introduction to synthetic aperture radar

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1、IntroductiontoSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)andSARInterferometryMargaretCheneyAbstract.ThispaperpresentsatutorialonthefoundationsofSyn-theticApertureRadar.Thepapershowshowasimpleantennamodelcanbeusedtogetherwithalinearizedscatteringapproximationtopredictthereceivedsignal.Thepaperthenoutlinesthec

2、onventionalimageformationprocessandshowshowtwoimagesfromdierent ightpassescanbeusedtoobtaintopographicinformation.x1.IntroductionandRelationtoApproximationTheoryApproximationtheorycanbethoughtofasthereconstructionofafunc-tionfromincompleteinformation.Thisdescriptionappliestomanyin-verseprobl

3、emsandimagingproblems,inwhichonegenerallywantstodeterminepropertiesofanobjectfromremotemeasurements.AgoodexampleisSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imaging,averysuccessfulimagingtechniquethathasbeendevelopedintheengineeringcommunityandwhichhasreceivedlittleattentionfrommathematicians.Inconventionals

4、trip-modeSARimaging,aplaneorsatellitecarryinganantenna iesalongastraighttrack,whichwewillassumeisinthedirectionofthex2axis.Theantennaemitspulsesofelectromagneticradiationinadirectedbeamperpendiculartothe ighttrack(i.e.,inthex1direction).Thesewavesscatterotheterrain,andthescatteredwavesaredet

5、ectedwiththesameantenna.Thereceivedsignalsarethenusedtoproduceanimageoftheterrain.(SeeFigure1.)Thedatadependontwovariables,namelytimeandpositionalongthex2axis,soweexpecttobeabletoreconstructafunctionoftwovariables.ApproximationTheoryX:Wavelets,Splines,andApplications167CharlesK.Chui,LarryL.Sc

6、humaker,andJoachimSt•ockler(eds.),pp.167{177.Copyrightoc2002byVanderbiltUniversityPress,Nashville,TN.ISBN0-8265-1416-2.Allrightsofreproductioninanyformreserved.168M.Cheneyx2x1Fig.1.GeometryofaSARsystem.x2.TheMathematicalModelAmodelforthewavepropagationThecorrectmodelforradarisofcourseMaxwell'

7、sequations,butthesimplerscalarwaveequationiscommonlyused:212r2@tU(t;x)=0:(1)c(x)Thisistheequationsatisedbyeachcomponentoftheelectricandmag-neticeldsinfreespace,andisthusagoodmodelforthewavepropagationindryair.Whentheelectromagneticwavesi