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1、CondensedMatterTheoriesVolume258093tp.indd11/12/114:50PMThispageintentionallyleftblankCondensedMatterTheoriesVolume25EduardoVLudeñaVenezuelanInstituteforScientificResearch,IVIC,VenezuelaRaymondFBishopTheUniversityofManchester,UKPeterIzaSENACYT,EcuadorEditorsWorldScientificNEWJERSEY
2、•LONDON•SINGAPORE•BEIJING•SHANGHAI•HONGKONG•TAIPEI•CHENNAI8093tp.indd21/12/114:50PMPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.5TohTuckLink,Singapore596224USAoffice:27WarrenStreet,Suite401-402,Hackensack,NJ07601UKoffice:57SheltonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HEBritishLibraryCat
3、aloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.CONDENSEDMATTERTHEORIESVolume25Proceedingsofthe33rdInternationalWorkshopCopyright©2011byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformor
4、byanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher.Forphotocopyingofmaterialinthisvolume,pleasepayacopyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDri
5、ve,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.ISBN-13978-981-4340-78-6ISBN-10981-4340-78-2PrintedinSingapore.Benjamin-CondensedMatterTheoresV25.pmd11/7/2011,5:27PMJanuary7,201116:15WSPC/INSTRUCTIONFILE00b_prefacePREFACETheThirty-ThirdInternatio
6、nalWorkshoponCondensedMatterTheories(CMT33)washeldinthecityofQuito,thebeautifulAndeancapitalofEcuador,duringtheperiod16-22August2009.WorkshopsintheCMTSerieshavetakenplaceannuallysince1977,whentheinauguralmeetingwasheldinS~aoPaulo,Brazil.SubsequentmeetingshavebeenheldthereafterinTri
7、este,Italy(1978),BuenosAires,Argentina(1979),Caracas,Venezuela(1980),MexicoCity,Mexico(1981),St.Louis,USA(1982),Altenberg,FederalRepublicofGermany(1983),Granada,Spain(1984),SanFrancisco,USA(1985),Argonne,USA(1986),Oulu,Finland(1987),Taxco,Mexico(1988),CamposdoJord~ao,Brazil(1989),I
8、sleofElba,Italy(1990),Mard
