eschrig,the particle world of condensed matter

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1、TheParticleWorldofCondensedMatterH.EschrigIFWDresdenandDresdenUniversityofTechnologyGermanyPrefaceScienceinourdaysgetsmoreandmorespecialized,andofteneventheactorsindierenteldsofthesamedisciplinedonotndacommonlanguageanymore.Horizonsnarrowwiththedangerofendingupi

2、n`provincialisminthespaceofknowledge'.Ontheotherhand,probablythemostappropriatecharacterizationofphysicsasadisciplineistheaimofauniedunderstandingofnature.Fromtimetotimechainsofeventsappearinphysicswherethisuniedapproachshinesupinabrightspotlightonthescene,andthe

3、nagainitdropsoutofthefocusinthehardworkofsolvingcomplextasks.Suchasplendidperiodofmountingapeakandwideningthehorizonfromdaytodayweretheftiesandearlysixtiesoftwentiethcenturyinquantumeldtheorywiththatfascinatingcross-fertilizationbetweenElementaryParticleandSolidS

4、tatePhysics.OnthesideofSolidStateTheoryitlayedthegroundforthequasi-particleapproach,sosuccessfulduringthesixtiesandseventies.Afterakindofstocktakingandputtingmoreemphasisonthelimitationsofthisapproach,whichofcourseexistandhavetobetakenintoconsideration,inrecenttime

5、newkindsofexoticquasi-particleswerediscoveredandthewholeapproachhasbynomeanslostitstopicality,provingthevividpotentialsofeldtheory.Inthemiddleoftheeighties,MusikKaganovandmyselfstartedareviewprojectfocusingontheunderlyingprinciplesandthedeeperunderstandingoftheapp

6、roach.Thisprojectwasalsotriggered(atleastasregardsme)byourfeelingindiscussionwithcolleaguesthatquitenotallofthemwerewellawareofthoseunderlyingprincipleswhichweconsiderfundamentaltotheTheoryofSolids.Then,thepoliticalchangescameinGermanydemandingalargereortonmysidei

7、nthereorganizationofresearchinitseasternpart,andMusikleftRussiain1994.Theprojectremainedunnished.Inthesummerterm2004,Ireadathree-hoursone-termintroductorycourseinFieldTheoryfortheSolidState,andinpreparingforitIcamebacktothematterasweleftitin1988.AlthoughInowhadtor

8、eviseandnishthetextwithoutMusik,itisofcoursefurtheroninlargepartsinspiredbyhim.(ThereaderconsultingpublicationsbyM.I.Kaganovwillndoutinwhichpar