Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie 论在嘉莉妹妹中德莱赛的自然主义

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1、摘要：美国作家西奥多德莱塞被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱塞自然主义的一些特征。论文从德莱塞创作《嘉莉妹妹》的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱塞在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义思想。论文涉及该小说的主要三大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国然主义；三是19世纪末在美国兴起的消费主义。同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望,本能和环境,最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最终命运与德莱塞本人的命运息息相关，赫思渥德的最终堕落也是德莱塞惧怕失败的结果。而德莱塞却把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最终得不到幸福归因于“人心Dreiser

2、’sNaturalisminSisterCarrieAbstract：TheodoreDreiserisregardedasanoutstandingrepresentativeofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,Dreiser’sfirstnovelSisterCarrieistakenasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser’snaturalism.Thethesisreferredtothreegreathistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelw

3、hichareDarwinism，Determinism.AmericanNaturalismandConsumerism.Meanwhilethethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wecandrawtheconclusionthattheleadingcharacterofthenovel-Carrie’sdestinyhasagreatconnectionwithDreiserhimselfandthedeclineofHurstwoodisaresultofDreiser’sfearoffailur

4、e,butDreiserattributesCarrieandHurstwood’sunhappinesstotheirinsatiabledesireforlifeortheyaredoomedtobeunhappyetc,andfromwhichwecanseeDreiser’snaturalismeasily.KeyWords：NaturalismDarwinismConsumerismdesireenvironmentContentsINTRODUCTION11.THEHISTORICALANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDFORSISTERCARR

5、IE21.1DarwinismandDeterminism21.2Americannaturalism22.THETYPICALCHARACTERISTICSOFNATURALISMINSISTERCARRIE22.1Therelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct22.2Theinfluenceoftheenvironment33.DREISER’SNATURALISTICATTITUDEOFTRUTHFULREFLECTIONOFLIFE33.1Dreiser's“Sister”一Carrie33.2Hurstwoo

6、d'sdecline一Dreiser'sfearoffailure3CONCLUSION3NOTES4BIBLIOGRAPHY5IntroductionTheodoreDreiserisoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersofcriticalrealism,butmanyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhiscriticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefin

7、ancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfeaturesinit.ThenDreiserisregardedasapioneerofAmericannaturalismandasanaturalistDreiserexpressesthecharacteristicsofnatu

8、ralis