论《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义 Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie

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1、论《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义摘要：美国作家西奥多德莱塞被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱塞自然主义的一些特征。论文从德莱塞创作《嘉莉妹妹》的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱塞在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义思想。论文涉及该小说的主要三大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国然主义；三是19世纪末在美国兴起的消费主义。同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望,本能和环境,最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最终命运与德莱塞本人的命运息息相关，赫思渥德的最终堕落也是德

2、莱塞惧怕失败的结果。而德莱塞却把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最终得不到幸福归因于“人心盲目的追求，命中注定本该如此….”　关键词：自然主义达尔文主义消费主义欲望环境　　　　　　　Dreiser’sNaturalisminSisterCarrieAbstract：TheodoreDreiserisregardedasanoutstandingrepresentativeofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,Dreiser’sfirstnovelSisterCarrieistake

3、nasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser’snaturalism.ThethesisreferredtothreegreathistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelwhichareDarwinism，Determinism.AmericanNaturalismandConsumerism.Meanwhilethethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wecand

4、rawtheconclusionthattheleadingcharacterofthenovel-Carrie’sdestinyhasagreatconnectionwithDreiserhimselfandthedeclineofHurstwoodisaresultofDreiser’sfearoffailure,butDreiserattributesCarrieandHurstwood’sunhappinesstotheirinsatiabledesireforlifeortheyaredo

5、omedtobeunhappyetc,andfromwhichwecanseeDreiser’snaturalismeasily.　KeyWords：NaturalismDarwinismConsumerismdesireenvironment　　　Contents　　　　INTRODUCTION1　1.THEHISTORICALANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDFORSISTERCARRIE2　1.1DarwinismandDeterminism2　　1.2Americannaturali

6、sm2　　2.THETYPICALCHARACTERISTICSOFNATURALISMINSISTERCARRIE2　　2.1Therelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct2　　2.2Theinfluenceoftheenvironment3　3.DREISER’SNATURALISTICATTITUDEOFTRUTHFULREFLECTIONOFLIFE3　3.1Dreiser's“Sister”一Carrie3　3.2Hurstwood'sdecl

7、ine一Dreiser'sfearoffailure3　　CONCLUSION3　NOTES4　BIBLIOGRAPHY5　　　Dreiser’sNaturalisminSisterCarrieIntroduction　　TheodoreDreiserisoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersofcriticalrealism,butmanyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhisc

8、riticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefinancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfea