文化中介者和文化中介艾略特，波卡，洪塔斯普拉特,伊斯特曼文化中介个案研究硕士学位论文

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1、ChapterIIntroduction1.1CulturalBrokering–AUniversalPhenomenonEversinceancienttimes,therehavebeensituationswherepeopleofdifferentculturesneedtocommunicatewitheachotherforvariedpurposes,inwhichculturalbrokeringinevitablypresentsitself.Theinceptionofglobalizationsincethelate20thcenturyhasalmostre

2、nderedculturalencounterorcontactaneverydayphenomenon.Travellingoverseasunavoidablybringspeopleofdifferentculturestogether,thuscreatingthepossibilityofculturalcontactandconflict,butthesweetsoundofatourguidecouldeasilydispelone’scomplexfeelingsofbeinganalieninaforeigncountryandclearuppossiblemis

3、understandingsbetweentouristsandlocalinhabitants.Merchantsfrommulti-nationalcompanieshavetoworkwithpeopleofdifferentcountrieseveryday,butthefactthatpeopleofdifferentcountriesspeakdifferentlanguagescouldbeahugehindrancetopotentialbusinessopportunities.Fortunately,andperhapsmisfortunatelyaswell,

4、theparticipationofwhatwewouldcallinthispaper“culturalbrokers”suchasinterpreters,ortouristguidesneverfailstoensurethesmoothoperationofbusinesstransactionsortouristjourneys.Eitherbeingatourguideorbeinganinterpreterisfundamentallythesame,becausebothfunctionasamediumoranagentwhoseresponsibilityist

5、ofacilitatethecommunicationamongpeopleofdifferentculturesandbeliefs.Facilitationofcommunicationamongdifferentpeoplefromdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguagesistermed“culturebrokering”.Differentdefinitionsofculturalbrokeringhavebeenputforwardbyscholarsovertime.Onedefinitionstatesthatculturalbro

6、keringistheactofbridging,linking,ormediatingbetweengroupsorpersonsofdifferentculturalbackgroundsforthepurposeofreducingconflictorproducingchange(Jezewski,1990).Sinceculturalbordersareauniversalphenomenon(Szasz,2001),culturalcontactandculturalconflictinevitablyoccurinalmostalltimesandspaces.Whe

7、rethereisculturalcontactandconflict,culturalbrokeringwillpresentitself.Clearlyitisnoexaggerationatalltoclaimthatculturalbrokeringhasbeenandwillalwaysbeauniversalphenomenon.1.1CulturalBrokers–AUniqueGroupofPeopleThespecificfigureswhoaret